Boy Scouts of America

Oceanography Merit Badge

Oceanography
Merit Badge

Boy Scouts of America Merit Badge Hub

Boy Scouts of America
Merit Badge Hub

Oceanography

Oceanography Merit Badge Overview

The oceans cover more than 70 percent of our planet and are the dominant feature of Earth. Wherever you live, the oceans influence the weather, the soil, the air, and the geography of your community. To study the oceans is to study Earth itself.
Oceanography_merit-badge-overview

Oceanography Merit Badge Requirements

The requirements will be fed dynamically using the scout book integration 81
1. Name four branches of oceanography. Describe at least five reasons why it is important for people to learn about the oceans.
2. Define salinity, temperature, and density, and describe how these important properties of seawater are measured by the physical oceanographer. Discuss the circulation and currents of the ocean. Describe the effects of the oceans on weather and climate.
3. Describe the characteristics of ocean waves. Point out the differences among the storm surge, tsunami, tidal wave, and tidal bore. Explain the difference between sea, swell, and surf. Explain how breakers are formed.
4. Draw a cross-section of underwater topography. Show what is meant by:
  • (a) Continental shelf
  • (b) Continental slope
  • (c) Abyssal plain
5. List the main salts, gases, and nutrients in sea water. Describe some important properties of water. Tell how the animals and plants of the ocean affect the chemical composition of seawater. Explain how differences in evaporation and precipitation affect the salt content of the oceans.
6. Describe some of the biologically important properties of seawater. Define benthos, nekton, and plankton. Name some of the plants and animals that make up each of these groups. Describe the place and importance of phytoplankton in the oceanic food chain.
7. Do ONE of the following:
  • (a) Make a plankton net.* Tow the net by a dock, wade with it, hold it in a current, or tow it from a rowboat. Do this for about 20 minutes. Save the sample. Examine it under a microscope or high-power glass. Identify the three most common types of plankton in the sample.
  • (b) Make a series of models (clay or plaster and wood) of a volcanic island. Show the growth of an atoll from a fringing reef through a barrier reef. Describe the Darwinian theory of coral reef formation.
  • (c) Measure the water temperature at the surface, midwater, and bottom of a body of water four times daily for five consecutive days. You may measure depth with a rock tied to a line. Make a Secchi disk to measure turbidity (how much suspended sedimentation is in the water). Measure the air temperature. Note the cloud cover and roughness of the water. Show your findings (air and water temperature, turbidity) on a graph. Tell how the water temperature changes with air temperature.
  • (d) Make a model showing the inshore sediment movement by littoral currents, tidal movement, and wave action. Include such formations as high and low waterlines, low-tide terrace, berm, and coastal cliffs. Show how offshore bars are built up and torn down.
  • (e) Make a wave generator. Show reflection and refraction of waves. Show how groins, jetties, and breakwaters affect these patterns.
  • (f) Track and monitor satellite images available on the Internet for a specific location for three weeks. Describe what you have learned to your counselor.
8. Do ONE of the following:
  • (a) Write a 500-word report on a book about oceanography approved by your counselor.
  • (b) Visit one of the following:
  • (1) Oceanographic research ship
  • (2) Oceanographic institute, marine laboratory, or marine aquarium
  • (c) Explain to your troop in a five-minute prepared speech "Why Oceanography Is Important" or describe "Career Opportunities in Oceanography." (Before making your speech, show your speech outline to your counselor for approval.)
9. Describe four methods that marine scientists use to investigate the ocean, underlying geology, and organisms living in the water.

Get the Oceanography Merit Badge Pamphlet

Uncover the power and beauty of our planet’s oceans, and begin to understand why these vast bodies of water mesmerize people all over the world.

Discover more about "Oceanography"

Chris Lamie started teaching the Oceanography merit badge at the Merit Badge University at Harvard University when he was a Harvard sophomore. More than 15 years later, he’s still at it, teaching the popular badge to dozens of Scouts each year. Scouting caught up with him to find out what he has learned along the way. Oceans and Deserts Despite the merit badge’s name, Lamie says Scouts don’t have to visit an ocean to complete it. Only a few subrequirements involve trips to the water, and those are all found in requirements 7 and 8, which are “do one of the following” requirements. In other words, land-based choices are available. Lamie does take his Scouts to the Charles River (more on that later), but field trips aren’t essential. “I’m pretty sure you could be in the middle of the desert,” he says. That said, he does think living near the ocean is helpful. “Even if you don’t visit the ocean for the badge, people have life experiences they can relate to, like watching a house erode off a cliff into the ocean on the news, visiting the ocean during a storm or feeling the way the weather is at the beach,” he says. Making it Real The badge’s nine requirements are packed with terms like “tidal bore” and “abyssal plain.” To make sure Scouts do more than regurgitate definitions, Lamie has come up with fun ways to bring the words to life. For example, to demonstrate the relationship between salinity and density, he has Scouts make their own salt water and try to get a hard-boiled egg to float. Even more fun is the game he uses to demonstrate plate tectonics, the phenomenon that creates mountains, underwater features and earthquakes. The only equipment required: one Double Stuf Oreo cookie per Scout. “They snap the top layer in half, then push the two pieces together, pull them apart or drive them alongside each other,” he says. “The filling is the magma.” On the Road One of Lamie’s trademark moments is a field trip to the Charles River, which runs by Harvard. Once there, Scouts use simple homemade plankton nets made of nylon hose and plastic cups — the instructions are in the merit badge pamphlet — to collect plankton. “Microscopic plankton and bigger things like bits of leaves and so on tend to get stuck inside,” he says. “The longer you tow it through the water, the more those things get concentrated in the cup down at the toe.” Because the merit badge university occurs in the spring, Lamie’s Scouts often come up empty, at least where plankton are concerned, so he has pre-prepared slides in the lab that Scouts can study under a microscope. “It’s a chance for them to get familiar with some tools and techniques they might end up using in school,” he says. Although he gets positive feedback on his classes, Lamie is never satisfied. “I’m always trying to find new ways to teach this,” he says. “That’s something I’d recommend to anybody: Keep tweaking it to find the most effective ways to help the Scouts learn.”

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Bray Barnes

Director, Global Security Innovative
Strategies

Bray Barnes is a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award, Silver
Beaver, Silver Antelope, Silver Buffalo, and Learning for Life Distinguished
Service Award. He received the Messengers of Peace Hero award from
the royal family of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and he’s a life member of
the 101st Airborne Association and Vietnam Veterans Association. Barnes
serves as a senior fellow for the Global Federation of Competitiveness
Councils, a nonpartisan network of corporate CEOs, university presidents, and
national laboratory directors. He has also served as a senior executive for the
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, leading the first-responder program
and has two U.S. presidential appointments

David Alexander

Managing Member Calje

David Alexander is a Baden-Powell Fellow, Summit Bechtel Reserve philanthropist, and recipient of the Silver Buffalo and Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. He is the founder of Caljet, one of the largest independent motor fuels terminals in the U.S. He has served the Arizona Petroleum Marketers Association, Teen Lifeline, and American Heart Association. A triathlete who has completed hundreds of races, Alexander has also mentored the women’s triathlon team at Arizona State University.

Glenn Adams

President, CEO & Managing Director
Stonetex Oil Corp.

Glenn Adams is a recipient of the Silver Beaver, Silver Antelope, Silver Buffalo, and Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. He is the former president of the National Eagle Scout Association and established the Glenn A. and Melinda W. Adams National Eagle Scout Service Project of the Year Award. He has more than 40 years of experience in the oil, gas, and energy fields, including serving as a president, owner, and CEO. Adams has also received multiple service awards from the Texas Alliance of Energy Producers.