Scouting America

Oceanography Merit Badge

Oceanography
Merit Badge

Scouting America Merit Badge Hub

Scouting America
Merit Badge Hub

Oceanography

Requirement Updates 2026

This Merit Badge’s Requirements have recently been updated in 2025 Scouting America Requirements (33216). Please read more about “Requirements” on the Merit Badge Hub homepage. The previous version of the Merit Badge requirements can be found in Scoutbook.

Oceanography Merit Badge Overview

The oceans cover more than 70 percent of our planet and are the dominant feature of Earth. Wherever you live, the oceans influence the weather, the soil, the air, and the geography of your community. To study the oceans is to study Earth itself.
Oceanography_merit-badge-overview

Oceanography Merit Badge Requirements

The previous version of the Merit Badge requirements can be found in Scoutbook

The requirements will be fed dynamically using the scout book integration 81
NOTE: The official merit badge pamphlets are now free and downloadable HERE or can be purchased at the Scout Shop.
1. Name four branches of oceanography. Describe at least five reasons why it is important for people to learn about the oceans.
Resource: What is Oceanography (video)
2. Explain the following terms: salinity, temperature, and density. Describe how these important properties of seawater are measured by an oceanographer. Discuss the circulation and currents of the ocean. Describe the effects of the oceans on weather and climate.
Resources: Temperature and Salinity (video)
An Ocean in Motion (video)
Oceans and Climate (video)
How Do Ocean Currents Affect the Weather Pattern? (video)
3. Describe the characteristics of ocean waves and do the following:
Resource: Where Do waves Come From? (video)

4. Draw a cross-section of underwater topography. Name and put on your drawing the following: seamount, guyot, rift valley, canyon, trench, and oceanic ridge. Compare the depths in the oceans with the heights of mountains on land. Show what is meant by:
Resources: Diagram of Sea Floor (website)
How Deep Does the Ocean Go? (video)
How Deep the Ocean REALLY Is (video)
  • (a) Continental shelf
  • (b) Continental slope
  • (c) Abyssal plain

5. List the main salts, gases, and nutrients in seawater. Describe some important properties of water. Tell how the animals and plants of the ocean affect the chemical composition of seawater. Explain how differences in evaporation and precipitation affect the salt content of the oceans.
Resources: Seawater Composition (website)
Why is the Sea Salty? (video)
6. Describe some of the biologically important properties of seawater. Define benthos, nekton, and plankton. Name some of the plants and animals that make up each of these groups. Describe the place and importance of phytoplankton in the oceanic food chain.
Resources: Nekton, Benthos, and Plankton (video)
Feeding the Sea: Phytoplankton Fuel Ocean Life (video)
NASA | Earth Science Week: The Ocean's Green Machines (video)
Open Ocean Food Chain (website)
7. Do ONE of the following:

8. Do ONE of the following:

9. Describe four methods that marine scientists use to investigate the ocean, underlying geology, and organisms living in the water.
Resources: Studying the Ocean EXPLAINED (video)
How do Scientists Explore the Deep Sea? (video)

Get the Oceanography Merit Badge Pamphlet

Merit Badge Pamphlets are now free and publicly available. Note: Always check www.scouting.org/skills/merit-badges/all/ for the latest requirements.

Discover more about "Oceanography"

Chris Lamie started teaching the Oceanography merit badge at the Merit Badge University at Harvard University when he was a Harvard sophomore. More than 15 years later, he’s still at it, teaching the popular badge to dozens of Scouts each year. Scouting caught up with him to find out what he has learned along the way. Oceans and Deserts Despite the merit badge’s name, Lamie says Scouts don’t have to visit an ocean to complete it. Only a few subrequirements involve trips to the water, and those are all found in requirements 7 and 8, which are “do one of the following” requirements. In other words, land-based choices are available. Lamie does take his Scouts to the Charles River (more on that later), but field trips aren’t essential. “I’m pretty sure you could be in the middle of the desert,” he says. That said, he does think living near the ocean is helpful. “Even if you don’t visit the ocean for the badge, people have life experiences they can relate to, like watching a house erode off a cliff into the ocean on the news, visiting the ocean during a storm or feeling the way the weather is at the beach,” he says. Making it Real The badge’s nine requirements are packed with terms like “tidal bore” and “abyssal plain.” To make sure Scouts do more than regurgitate definitions, Lamie has come up with fun ways to bring the words to life. For example, to demonstrate the relationship between salinity and density, he has Scouts make their own salt water and try to get a hard-boiled egg to float. Even more fun is the game he uses to demonstrate plate tectonics, the phenomenon that creates mountains, underwater features and earthquakes. The only equipment required: one Double Stuf Oreo cookie per Scout. “They snap the top layer in half, then push the two pieces together, pull them apart or drive them alongside each other,” he says. “The filling is the magma.” On the Road One of Lamie’s trademark moments is a field trip to the Charles River, which runs by Harvard. Once there, Scouts use simple homemade plankton nets made of nylon hose and plastic cups — the instructions are in the merit badge pamphlet — to collect plankton. “Microscopic plankton and bigger things like bits of leaves and so on tend to get stuck inside,” he says. “The longer you tow it through the water, the more those things get concentrated in the cup down at the toe.” Because the merit badge university occurs in the spring, Lamie’s Scouts often come up empty, at least where plankton are concerned, so he has pre-prepared slides in the lab that Scouts can study under a microscope. “It’s a chance for them to get familiar with some tools and techniques they might end up using in school,” he says. Although he gets positive feedback on his classes, Lamie is never satisfied. “I’m always trying to find new ways to teach this,” he says. “That’s something I’d recommend to anybody: Keep tweaking it to find the most effective ways to help the Scouts learn.”

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