Metalwork

Metalwork BSA Supply No. 35918

Scouts will begin their work on this merit badge by learning about the properties of metal, how to use simple metalworking tools, and the basic metalworking techniques. Then they will practice using these tools and techniques before concentrating on the more intricate skills of one of four metalworking options.

Requirements

1. Read the safety rules for metalwork listed in the Metalwork merit badge pamphlet. Discuss how to be safe while working with metal. Discuss with your counselor the additional safety rules that apply to the metalwork option you choose for requirement 5.
2. Define the terms native metal, malleable, metallugry, alloy, nonferrous, and ferrous. Then do the following:
1. Name two nonferrous alloys used by pre-Iron Age metalworkers. Name the metals that are combined to form these alloys.
2. Name three ferrous alloys used by modern metalworkers.
3. Describe how to work-harden a metal.
4. Describe how to anneal a nonferrous and a ferrous metal.
3. Do the following:
1. Work-harden a piece of 26- or 28-gauge sheet brass or sheet copper. Put a 45-degree bend in the metal, then heavily peen the area along the bend line to work-harden it. Note the amount of effort that is required to overcome the yield point in this unworked piece of metal.
2. Soften the work-hardened piece from requirement 3a by annealing it, and then try to remove the 45-degree bend. Note the amount of effort that is required to overcome the yield point.
3. Make a temper color index from a flat piece of steel. Using hand tools, make and temper a center punch of medium-carbon or high-carbon steel.
4. Find out about three career opporuntities in metalworking. Pick one and find out the education, training, and experience required for this profession. Discuss this with your counselor, and explain why this profession might interest you.
5. After completing the first four requirements, complete at least ONE of the options listed below.
1. Option 1—Sheet Metal Mechanic/Tinsmith
1. Name and describe the use of the basic sheet metalworking tools.
2. Create a sketch of two objects to make from sheet metal. Include each component's dimensions on your sketch, which need not be to scale.
3. Make two objects out of 24- or 26-gauge sheet metal. Use pattersn either provided by your counselor or made by you and approved by your counselor. Construct these objects using a metal that is appropriate to the object's ultimate purpose, and using cutting, bending, edging, and either soldering or brazing. 
4. One object also must include at least one riveted component.
5. If you do not make your objects from zinc-plated sheet steel or tin-plated sheet steel, preserve your work from oxidation.
2. Option 2—Silversmith
1. Name and describe the use of a silversmith's basic tools.
2. Create a sketch of two objects to make from sheet silver. Include each component's dimensions on your sketch, which need not be to scale.
3. Make two objects out of 18- or 20-gauge sheet copper. Use patterns either provided by your counselor or made by you and approved by your counselor. Both objects must include a soldered joint. If you have prior silversmithing experience, you may substitute sterling silver, nickel silver, or lead-free pewter.
1. At least one object must include a sawed component you have made yourself.
2. At least one object must include a sunken part you have made yourself.
3. Clean and polish your objects.
3. Option 3—Founder
1. Name and describe the use of the basic parts of a two-piece mold. Name at least three different types of molds.
2. Create a sketch of two objects to cast in metal. Include each component's dimensions on your sketch, which need not be to scale.
3. Make two molds, one using a pattern provided by your counselor and another one you have made yourself that has been approved by your counselor. Position the pouring gate and vents yourself. Do not use copyrighted materials as patterns.
1. Using lead-free pewter, make a casting using a mold provided by your counselor.
2. Using lead-free pewter, make a casting using the mold that you have made.
4. Option 4—Blacksmith
1. Name and describe the use of a blacksmith's basic tools.
2. Make a sketch of two objects to hot-forge. Include each component's dimensions on your sketch, which need not be to scale.
3. Using low-carbon steel at least 1/4-inch thick, perform the following exercises:
1. Draw out by forging a taper.
2. Use the horn of the anvil by forging a U-shaped bend.
3. Form a decorative twist in a piece of square steel. 
4. Use the edge of the anvil to bend metal by forging an L-shaped bend.
4. Using low-carbon steel at least 1/4-inch thick, make the two objects you sketched that require hot-forging. Be sure you have your counselor's approval before you begin.
1. Include a decorative twist on one object.
2. Include a hammer-riveted joint in one object.
3. Preserve your work from oxidation.

Resources

The resources listed below represent only a fraction of those available to the hobby metalworker. Check the local library and bookstores for additional titles, and don't be afraid to purchase out-of-print titles or titles with older copyright dates--the majority of metalworking techniques are timeless.

Metalworking

• Almeida, Oscar. Metalworking. Drake Publishers Inc., 1971.
• McCreight, Tim. The Complete Metalsmith: An Illustrated Handbook. Davis Publications, 1991.
• Walker, John R. Modern Metalworking. Goodheart-Wilcox Company Inc., 1993.

Metal Can Craft

• Elliot, Marion, and Peter Williams. Tinwork. Laurent Books, 1996.

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