Guide to Safe Scouting - FUll
The
purpose of the Guide to Safe Scouting is to prepare adult leaders to
conduct Scouting activities in a safe and prudent manner. The policies
and guidelines have been established because of the real need to
protect members from known hazards that have been identified through
90-plus years of experience. Limitations on certain activities should
not be viewed as stumbling blocks; rather, policies and guidelines are
best described as stepping-stones toward safe and enjoyable adventures.
All
volunteers participating in official Scouting activities should become
familiar with the Guide to Safe Scouting.
In
situations not specifically covered in this guide, activity planners
should evaluate the risk or potential risk of harm, and respond with
action plans based on common sense, community standards, the Boy Scout
motto, and safety policies and practices commonly prescribed for the
activity by experienced providers and practitioners.
Scouting
$$$ Pay Liability Claims
The
BSA general liability program is not just insurance. In fact, insurance
plays a very small part. Our greatest efforts are spent on safety and
injury prevention.
BSA
self-funds the first million dollars of each liability claim. This
means that almost all money spent on a liability claim is Scouting
money, not insurance money.
Accident
and sickness insurance pays regardless of fault as long as the accident
occurred during an official Scouting activity and the unit or council
has purchased the coverage.
The
BSA Ready & Prepared Award
The
Boy Scouts of America's Ready & Prepared Award encourages and
rewards Boy Scout troops, Varsity Scout teams, and Venturing crews that
incorporate safe practices while enjoying challenging activities. While
working to earn the award, units emphasize risk management as a way to
help reduce fatalities and serious injury. Focus areas include:
- Driver
and passenger safety
- Youth Protection
- Aquatic safety
- Premises safety and first-aid readiness
- Personal fitness
Units
may apply for this award at the time of unit rechartering.
BSA
Rules and Policies
Bold
type throughout the Guide to Safe Scouting denotes BSA rules and
policies.
Viewing
the online Guide
The Guide
to Safe Scouting is available here in two formats:
- One
for reading on-line — this version is divided into chapters and
includes a search engine.
- Another for reading off-line — the entire publication is
presented in a single interface to facilitate print-out.
A
bound hard-copy version (BSA Supply #34416A) is also available. To
obtain a copy, contact your local council or call 1-800-323-0732 to
request an Official Boy Scout Catalog.
Preface
- Youth
Protection & Adult Leadership
- Youth Protection in Scouting
- Youth Member Behavior Guidelines
- Leadership Requirements for Trips and Outings
- Aquatics Safety
- Instructors for Safe Swim Defense and Safety Afloat
Training
- Safe Swim Defense
- Classification of Swimming Ability
- Pool and Surf Swimming
- Safety Afloat
- Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs)
- Water Clarity
- BSA Lifeguard
- Swimming Area
- Diving and Elevated Entry
- Scuba BSA
- Scuba Policy
- Snorkeling
- Kayaking
- Waterskiing
- Boardsailing
- American Whitewater Guidelines
- Camping
- Age Guidelines
- Family Camping
- Cub Scout Overnight Opportunities
- Wilderness Camping
- Trail Safety
- Beware of Lightning
- Treated Drinking Water
- BSA Property Smart
- Hantavirus
- Rabies Prevention
- Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Use and Abuse
- Emergency Preparedness
- Emergency Preparedness Plan
- Emergency Preparedness Kit
- Emergency Contact List
- First Aid
- First-Aid Kits
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
- Protection Considerations for Bloodborne Pathogens
- Near-Drowning
- Fuels and Fire Prevention
- Chemical Fuels
- Guidelines for Safely Using Chemical Stoves and Lanterns
- Flammability Warning
- Extinguishers
- Fireworks
- Guns and Firearms
- Cub Scout Standards
- Boy Scout Standards
- Venturing Standards
- Sports and Activities
- The Sweet 16 of BSA Safety
- Caving
- Judo, Tai Chi, and Aikido
- Climbing and Rappelling
- Project COPE Activities
- Unauthorized and Restricted Activities
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Knives
- Rope Monkey Bridges
- Parade Floats and Hayrides
- Unit Fund-raisers
- Tractor Safety
- Bike Safety
- Skating Guidelines
- Horsemanship Activities
- Inspections
- Meeting Room
- Motor Vehicles
- Unit Camping
- Boats
- Medical Information
- Immunizations
- Life-Threatening Communicable Diseases
- Sun Safety
- Religious Beliefs and Medical Care
- Prescriptions
- Transportation
- Automobiles
- Campers, Trailers, and Trucks
- Buses
- Trains
- Boats
- Aircraft
- Tour Permits
- Commercial Driver's License Compliance
- Winter Activities
- Winter Camping Safety
- Winter Sports Safety
- Appendix
- Age-Appropriate Guidelines for Scouting Activities [PDF]
- Appendix - Forms
- Appendix - Updates
- Appendix - Reporting Deaths or Serious Injury
The Boy Scouts of America has adopted
a number of
policies aimed at eliminating opportunities for abuse within the
Scouting program. These policies focus on leadership selection and on
placing barriers to abuse within the program.
The Boy Scouts of America takes great
pride in the
quality of our adult leadership. Being a leader in the BSA is a
privilege, not a right. The quality of the program and the safety of
our youth members call for high-quality adult leaders. We work closely
with our chartered organizations to help recruit the best possible
leaders for their units.
The adult application requests
background
information that should be checked by the unit committee or the
chartered organization before accepting an applicant for unit
leadership. While no current screening techniques exist that can
identify every potential child molester, we can reduce the risk of
accepting a child molester by learning all we can about an applicant
for a leadership position—his or her experience with children, why he
or she wants to be a Scout leader, and what discipline techniques he or
she would use.
The BSA has adopted the following
policies to
provide additional security for our members. These policies are
primarily for the protection of our youth members; however, they also
serve to protect our adult leaders from false accusations of abuse.
Note: Bold type denotes rules and
policies.
- Two-deep leadership.
Two registered adult leaders or one registered leader and a parent of a
participant, one of whom must be 21 years of age or older, are required
on all trips and outings. The chartered organization is responsible for
ensuring that sufficient leadership is provided for all activities.
- No one-on-one contact.
One-on-one contact between adults and youth members is not permitted.
In situations that require personal conferences, such as a
Scoutmaster's conference, the meeting is to be conducted in view of
other adults and youths.
- Respect of privacy.
Adult leaders must respect the privacy of youth members in situations
such as changing clothes and taking showers at camp, and intrude only
to the extent that health and safety require. Adults must protect their
own privacy in similar situations.
- Separate accommodations.
When camping, no youth is permitted to sleep in the tent of an adult
other than his own parent or guardian. Councils are strongly encouraged
to have separate shower and latrine facilities for females. When
separate facilities are not available, separate times for male and
female use should be scheduled and posted for showers.
- Proper preparation for
high-adventure activities.
Activities with elements of risk should never be undertaken without
proper preparation, equipment, clothing, supervision, and safety
measures.
- No secret organizations.
The Boy Scouts of America does not recognize any secret organizations
as part of its program. All aspects of the Scouting program are open to
observation by parents and leaders.
- Appropriate attire.
Proper clothing for activities is required. For example, skinny-dipping
is not appropriate as part of Scouting.
- Constructive discipline.
Discipline used in Scouting should be constructive and reflect
Scouting's values. Corporal punishment is never permitted.
- Hazing prohibited.
Physical hazing and initiations are prohibited and may not be included
as part of any Scouting activity.
- Junior leader
training and supervision.
Adult leaders must
monitor and guide the leadership techniques used by
junior leaders and ensure that BSA policies are followed.
Parents participate in the protection
of their
children in a variety of ways. BSA recognizes the need for open lines
of communication so that children are encouraged to bring any troubles
to their parents for advice and counsel. In addition, parents need to
be involved in their sons' Scouting activities. All parents receive
important information concerning the Scouting program as part of their
sons' membership applications. This information is provided so that
parents can detect any deviations from the BSA's approved program. If
any deviations are noted, parents should call these to the attention of
the chartered organization or the unit committee. If the problems
persist, parents should contact the local council for assistance.
Parents also need to review the
booklet, "How to
Protect Your Children from Child Abuse and Drug Abuse: A Parent's
Guide," inserted in every Boy Scout and Cub Scout handbook. The
information in this booklet should be the subject of discussions
between Scouts and their parents prior to joining a pack or troop.
A victim of child sexual abuse is
under a great
deal of pressure to keep the abuse secret. In many cases of child
molestation, the molester has threatened to harm the child or a member
of the child's family. The molester might have told the child that he
would not be believed even if the child did tell. Another common
situation is that the molester will tell the child that if the child
tells about the abuse, he will get into trouble. The clear message is
given to the child that if another person finds out, something bad will
happen to the child. This pressure to maintain silence can often be
successfully overcome by establishing open communication between
children and adults through a proper educational program for children.
How an adult responds to a child when
he tries to
disclose abuse can influence the outcome of the child's victimization.
By maintaining an apparent calm, the adult can help reassure the child
that everything is going to be okay. By not criticizing the child, we
counteract any statements the molester made to the victim about the
child getting into trouble. Reassure the child that you are concerned
about what happened to him and that you would like to get him some
help. Allegations by a Scout concerning abuse in the program
must be reported to the Scout executive. Since these reports
are required, the child should be told that you have to tell the proper
authorities but that you will not tell anyone else. It is important
that you not tell anyone other than the Scout executive or the child
protective services agency about allegations of abuse—if the
allegations cannot be substantiated, you could be sued for defamation
of character.
Every state, the District of
Columbia, and the U.S.
territories have different reporting requirements. As part of youth
protection training, you will receive reporting instructions for your
area and for your council. People are often concerned about being sued
for reporting child abuse. You are not required to know for certain
that a child has been abused. All that the law requires is that you
have a reasonable suspicion and are reporting in "good faith." When
these requirements are met, all states provide immunity from liability
for child abuse reporters.
"How to Protect Your Children from
Child Abuse: A
Parent's Guide" is a tear-out booklet bound in with BSA youth books. It
is designed for parents or guardians and young people to use together
for youth protection training. The Power Pack Pals comic books,
available in English and in Spanish, are for Cub Scout-age boys. They
include Power Pack Pals (No. 33980)/Los Superamigos del Pack (No.
33979), Power Pack Pals Tackle the Internet (No. 33981)/Power Pack
Pals: Seguridad en la Internet (No. 3344646), and Power Pack Pals: Four
Rules for Personal Safety (No. 46-34750)/Power Pack Pals: 4 Reglas Para
Seguridad Personal (No. 34465). The BSA has bilingual, age-appropriate
videos for all youth age groups to address the problems of sexual
abuse. It Happened to Me/A Mí Me Pasó (No. AV-09DVD11) should be used
annually by Cub Scout packs or dens, but only for Cub Scouts
accompanied by a parent or other adult family member. The video for Boy
Scouts, A Time to Tell/Hora de Contarlo (No. AV-09DVD04), introduces
the "three R's" of Youth Protection, and should be viewed by troops
annually. Personal Safety Awareness/Concientización Sobre la Seguridad
Personal (No. AV-09DVD27) is the video for Venturing-age young people.
The BSA recognizes that many of our
leaders feel
unprepared to talk to children about preventing sexual abuse. For this
reason, the BSA has meeting guides for both of the videos produced to
be viewed by youths. The guides address everything from scheduling the
meeting, contacting the police or social services for assistance, and
notifying parents (a sample letter is provided), to questions and
answers for discussion after the video has been viewed.
The "three R's" of Youth Protection
convey a simple
message that the BSA wants its youth members to learn:
Reference:
How to Protect Your Children from Child Abuse: A Parent's Guide, No.
46-015
The Boy Scouts of America is a
values-based youth
development organization that helps young people learn positive
attributes of character, citizenship, and personal fitness. The BSA has
the expectation that all participants in the Scouting program will
relate to each other in accord with the principles embodied in the
Scout Oath and Law.
One of the developmental tasks of
childhood is to
learn appropriate behavior. Children are not born with an innate sense
of propriety and they need guidance and direction. The example set by
positive adult role models is a powerful tool for shaping behavior and
a tool that is stressed in Scouting.
Misbehavior by a single youth member
in a Scouting
unit may constitute a threat to the safety of the individual who
misbehaves as well as to the safety of other unit members. Such
misbehavior constitutes an unreasonable burden on a Scout unit and
cannot be ignored.
All members of the Boy Scouts of
America
are expected to conduct themselves in accordance with the principles
set forth in the Scout Oath and Law. Physical violence, hazing,
bullying, theft, verbal insults, and drugs and alcohol have no place in
the Scouting program and may result in the revocation of a Scout's
membership in the unit.
If confronted by threats of violence
or other forms
of bullying from other youth members, Scouts should seek help from
their unit leaders or parents.
Adult leaders of Scouting units are
responsible for monitoring the behavior of youth members and
interceding when necessary. Parents of youth members who misbehave
should be informed and asked for assistance in dealing with it.
The BSA does not permit the use of
corporal punishment by unit leaders when disciplining youth members.
The unit committee should review
repetitive or serious incidents of misbehavior in consultation with the
parents of the child to determine a course of corrective action
including possible revocation of the youth's membership in the unit.
If problem behavior persists, units
may
revoke a Scout's membership in that unit. When a unit revokes a Scout's
membership, it should promptly notify the council of the action.
The unit should inform the Scout
executive
about all incidents that result in a physical injury or involve
allegations of sexual misconduct by a youth member with another youth
member.
Each Cub Scout den and Webelos Scout
den
and each chartered Cub Scout pack, Boy Scout troop, Varsity Scout team,
and Venturing crew shall have one leader, 21 years of age or older, who
shall be registered and serve as the unit or den leader. A unit leader
may not serve simultaneously in any other position within the same
unit. The head of the chartered organization or chartered organization
representative and the local council must approve the registration of
the unit or den leader on the appropriate form.
Primary
reference: Rules and Regulations of the Boy Scouts of America
- Two-deep leadership:
Two registered adult leaders, or one registered leader
and a parent of
a participating Scout or other adult, one of whom must be at least 21
years of age or older, are required for all trips or outings. There are
a few instances, such as patrol activities, when no adult leadership is
required. Coed overnight activities require male and female adult
leaders, both of whom must be 21 years of age or older, and one of whom
must be a registered member of the BSA.
- During transportation to and from
planned Scout outings,
- Meet for departure at a designated
area.
- Prearrange a schedule for periodic
checkpoint stops as a group.
- Plan a daily destination point.
A common departure site and a daily destination point are a must. If
you cannot provide two adults for each vehicle, the minimum required is
one adult and two or more youth members—never one on one.
- Safety rule of four: No
fewer than four individuals (always with the minimum of two adults) go
on any backcountry expedition or campout. If an accident
occurs, one person stays with the injured, and two go for help.
Additional adult leadership requirements must reflect an awareness of
such factors as size and skill level of the group, anticipated
environmental conditions, and overall degree of challenge.
- Male and female leaders
must have separate sleeping facilities. Married couples may share the
same quarters if appropriate facilities are available.
- Male and female youth
participants will not share the same sleeping facility.
- Single-room or
dormitory-type accommodations for Scouting units: Adults and youth of
the same gender may occupy dormitory or single-room accommodations,
provided there is a minimum of two adults and four youth. A minimum of
one of the adults is required to be youth-protection trained. Adults
must establish separation barriers or privacy zones such as a temporary
blanket or sheet walls in order to keep their sleeping area and
dressing area separated from the youth area.
- When staying in tents, no
youth will stay in the tent of an adult other than his or her parent or
guardian.
- If separate shower and latrine
facilities are not available, separate times for male and female use
should be scheduled and posted for showers. The buddy system should be
used for latrines by having one person wait outside the entrance, or
provide Occupied and Unoccupied signs and/or inside door latches.
Adult leaders need to respect the privacy of youth members in
situations where the youth are changing clothes or taking showers, and
intrude only to the extent that health and safety require. Adults also
need to protect their own privacy in similar situations.
Reference: Tours and Expeditions, No. 33737
- Two-deep adult leadership
is required for flying activities. For basic orientation
flights, the adult licensed pilot in control of the aircraft is
sufficient for the flight, while two-deep leadership is
maintained on the ground.
- Scoutmaster Handbook, No.
33009
- Tours and Expeditions,
No. 33737
- How to Protect Your Children from
Child Abuse: A
Parent's Guide, No. 46-015
- Youth Protection Guidelines:
Training for Adult
Venturing Leaders, AV-03V014
- Youth Protection: Personal Safety
Awareness,
AV-09DVD027
- A Time to Tell, AV-09DVD04
- It Happened to Me,
AV-09DVD11
- Health and Safety Guide,
No. 34415
Safe Swim Defense and Safety Afloat
training can be
given by any person authorized by the council, including a BSA Aquatics
resource person, a unit leader with aquatics skill, or any other person
with aquatics knowledge or experience whom the local council has
approved.
Before a BSA group may engage in
swimming
activities of any kind, a minimum of one adult leader must complete
Safe Swim Defense training, have a commitment card (No. 34243) with
them, and agree to use the eight defenses in this plan.
One of the best opportunities for
Safe Swim Defense
training is in summer camp. The eight defenses are:
- 1. Qualified Supervision
- All swimming activity must be supervised by a
mature and conscientious adult age 21 or older who understands and
knowingly accepts responsibility for the well-being and safety of youth
members in his or her care, who is experienced in the water and
confident of his or her ability to respond in the event of an
emergency, and who is trained in and committed to compliance with the
eight points of BSA Safe Swim Defense. (It is strongly recommended that
all units have at least one adult or older youth member currently
trained as a BSA Lifeguard to assist in the planning and conduct of all
swimming activity.)
- 2. Physical Fitness
- Require evidence of fitness for swimming activity
with a complete health history from physician, parent, or legal
guardian. The adult supervisor should adjust all supervision,
discipline, and protection to anticipate any potential risks associated
with individual health conditions. In the event of any significant
health conditions, an examination by a physician should be required by
the adult supervisor.
- Those with physical disabilities can enjoy and benefit from
aquatics if the disabilities are known and necessary precautions are
taken.
- 3. Safe Area
- When swimming in areas not regularly maintained and used
for swimming activity, have lifeguards and swimmers systematically
examine the bottom of the swimming area to determine varying depths,
currents, deep holes, rocks, and stumps. Mark off the area
for three groups: not more than 3 1/2 feet deep for nonswimmers; from
shallow water to just over the head for beginners; deep water not over
12 feet for swimmers. A participant should not be permitted
to swim in an area where he cannot readily recover and maintain his
footing, or cannot maintain his position on the water, because of
swimming ability or water flow. When setting up a safe swimming area in
natural waters, use poles stuck in the bottom, or plastic bottles,
balloons, or sticks attached to rock anchors with twine for boundary
markers. Enclose nonswimmer and beginner areas with buoy lines (twine
and floats) between markers. Mark the outer bounds of the swimmer's
area with floats. Be sure that clear-water depth is at least 7 feet
before allowing anyone to dive into the water. Diving is prohibited
from any height more than 40 inches above the water surface; feet-first
entry is prohibited from more than 60 inches above the water. For any
entry from more than 18 inches above the water surface, clear-water
depth must be 10 to 12 feet. Only surface swimming is permitted in
turbid water. Swimming is not permitted in water more than 12 feet
deep, in turbid water where poor visibility and depth would interfere
with emergency recognition or prompt rescue, or in whitewater, unless
all participants wear appropriate personal flotation devices and the
supervisor determines that swimming with personal flotation equipment
is safe under the circumstances.
- 4. Lifeguards on Duty
- Swim only where there are lifeguards on duty. For
unit swims in areas where lifeguards are not provided by others, the
supervisor should designate two capable swimmers as lifeguards.
Station them ashore, equipped with a lifeline (a 100-foot length of
3/8-inch nylon cord). In an emergency, one carries out the line; the
other feeds it out from shore, then pulls in his partner and the person
being helped. In addition, if a boat is available, have two people,
preferably capable swimmers, take it out—one rowing and the other
equipped with a 10-foot pole or extra oar. Provide one guard for every
10 people in the water, and adjust the number and positioning of guards
as needed to protect the particular area and activity.
- 5. Lookout
- Station a lookout on the shore where it is possible to see
and hear everything in all areas. The lookout may be the adult in
charge of the swim and may give the buddy signals.
- 6. Ability Groups
- Divide into three ability groups: Nonswimmers, beginners,
and swimmers. Keep each group in its own area. Nonswimmers have not
passed a swimming test. Beginners must pass this test: jump feetfirst
into water over the head in depth, level off, swim 25 feet on the
surface. Stop, turn sharply, resume swimming as before and return to
the starting place. Swimmers must pass this test: jump feet first into
water over the head in depth. Level off and swim 75 yards in a strong
manner using one or more of the following strokes: sidestroke,
breaststroke, trudgen, or crawl; then swim 25 yards using an easy
resting backstroke. The 100 yards must be completed in one swim without
stops and must include at least one sharp turn. After completing the
swim, rest by floating. These classification tests should be renewed
annually, preferably at the beginning of the season.
- 7. Buddy System
- Pair every youth with another in the same ability
group. Buddies check in and out of the swimming area
together. Emphasize that each buddy lifeguards his buddy. Check
everyone in the water about every 10 minutes, or as needed to keep the
buddies together. The adult in charge signals for a buddy check with a
single blast of a whistle or ring of a bell, and call "Buddies!" The
adult counts slowly to 10 while buddies join and raise hands and remain
still and silent. Guards check all areas, count the pairs, and compare
the total with the number known to be in the water. Signal two blasts
or bells to resume swimming. Signal three blasts or bells for checkout.
- 8. Discipline
- Be sure everyone understands and agrees that swimming
is allowed only with proper supervision and use of the complete Safe
Swim Defense. The applicable rules should be presented and
learned prior to the outing, and should be reviewed for all
participants at the water's edge just before the swimming activity
begins. Scouts should respect and follow all directions and rules of
the adult supervisor. When people know the reason for rules and
procedures they are more likely to follow them. Be strict and fair,
showing no favoritism.
Reference:
Safe Swim Defense, No. 34370 and in the Online Learning Center
The swimmer test demonstrates the
minimum level of
swimming ability required for safe deep-water swimming. The various
components of the test evaluate the several skills essential to this
minimum level of swimming ability:
Jump feetfirst into water
over your head
in depth. Swim 75 yards in a strong manner using one or more of the
following strokes: sidestroke, breaststroke, trudgen, or crawl; then
swim 25 yards using an easy, resting backstroke. The 100 yards must be
swum continuously and include at least one sharp turn. After completing
the swim, rest by floating.
The test administrator must
objectively evaluate
the individual performance of the test, and in so doing should keep in
mind the purpose of each test element.
- "Jump feetfirst into water over
your in depth, ...
The swimmer must be able to make an abrupt entry into deep water and
begin swimming without any aids. Walking in from shallow water, easing
in from the edge or down a ladder, pushing off from side or bottom, and
gaining forward momentum by diving do not satisfy this requirement.
- "...Swim 75 yards in a strong
manner using one or more of the following strokes: sidestroke,
breaststroke, trudgen, or crawl..."
The swimmer must be able to cover distance with a strong, confident
stroke. The 75 yards must not be the outer limit of the swimmer's
ability; completion of the distance should show sufficient stamina to
avoid undue risks. Dog-paddling and strokes repeatedly interrupted and
restarted are not sufficient; underwater swimming is not permitted. The
itemized strokes are inclusive. Any strong side or breaststroke or any
strong overarm stroke (including the back crawl) is acceptable.
- "...swim 25 yards using an easy,
resting backstroke..."
The swimmer must perform a restful, free-breathing backstroke that can
be used to avoid exhaustion during swimming activity. This element of
the test necessarily follows the more strenuous swimming activity to
show that the swimmer is, in fact, able to use the backstroke as a
relief from exertion. The change of stroke must be accomplished in deep
water without any push-off or other aid. Any variation of the
elementary backstroke may suffice if it clearly allows the swimmer to
rest and regain wind.
- "...The 100 yards must be swum
continuously and include at least one sharp turn..."
The total distance is to be covered without rest stops. The sharp turn
demonstrates the swimmer's ability to reverse direction in deep water
without assistance or push-off from side or bottom.
- "...After completing the swim,
rest by floating."
This critically important part of the test evaluates the swimmer's
ability to maintain himself in the water indefinitely even though
exhausted or otherwise unable to continue swimming. Treading water or
swimming in place will further tire the swimmer and therefore is
unacceptable. The duration of the float test is not significant, except
that it must be long enough for the test administrator to determine
that the swimmer is resting and likely could continue to do so for a
prolonged period. Drownproofing may be sufficient if clearly restful,
but it is not preferred. If the test is completed except for the
floating requirement, the swimmer may be retested on the floating only
(after instruction) provided that the test administrator is confident
that the swimmer can initiate the float when exhausted.
Reference:
Swimming and Lifesaving merit badge pamphlets
Jump feetfirst into water
over the head in
depth, level off, swim 25 feet on the surface, stop, turn sharply,
resume swimming as before, and return to starting place.
The entry and turn serve the same
purpose as in the
swimmer test. The swimming can be done with any stroke, but no
underwater swimming is permitted. The stop assures that the swimmer can
regain a stroke if it is interrupted. The test demonstrates that the
beginning swimmer is ready to learn deepwater skills and has the
minimum ability required for safe swimming in a confined area in which
shallow water, sides, or other support is less than 25 feet from any
point in the water.
The Safe Swim Defense applies to
swimming at the
beach, private or public pool, wilderness pond, stream, lake, or
anywhere Scouts swim. Here are some additional points for the pool and
the surf.
Pool#151;If the swimming activity is
in a public
facility where others are using the pool at the same time, and the pool
operator provides guard personnel, there may be no need for additional
designation of Scout lifeguards and lookout.
The buddy system is critically
important, however,
even in a public pool. Remember, even in a crowd, you are alone without
protection if no one is attentive to your circumstances.
The rule that people swim only in
water suited to
their ability and with others of similar ability applies in a pool
environment. Most public pools divide shallow and deep water, and this
may be sufficient for defining appropriate swimming areas. If not, the
supervisor should clearly indicate to the participating Scouts the
appropriate areas of the public facility. Although such procedures add
a margin of safety, their use may not always be practical when the swim
activity is conducted at a public facility where non-Scouts are
present. A responsible adult supervisor, who understands his or her
responsibility and the elements of safety, can exercise discretion
regarding certain procedures while maintaining safety.
The surf swimming environment — with
its wave
action, currents, tides, undertow, runouts, and sea pests like stinging
jellyfish — requires precautions for safe swimming that aren't
necessary in other environments. A swimmer's physical condition is very
important and should enable the swimmer to recover footing in waves,
swim vigorously for at least five minutes without becoming exhausted,
and remain calm and in control when faced with unexpected conditions.
Designated swimming areas are marked
by flags or
pennants that are easily seen. Beginners and nonswimmers are positioned
inshore from the standing lifeguards equipped with reach poles. Better
swimmers are permitted seaward of the lifeguard but must remain
shoreward of anchored marker buoys. The lifeguard-to-swimmer ratio
should always be 1-to-10, with a rescue team that is supplied with a
rescue tube or torpedo buoy and stationed at the beach area.
Safety Afloat has been developed to
promote boating
and boating safety and to set standards for safe unit activity afloat. Before
a BSA group may engage in an excursion, expedition, or trip on the
water (canoe, raft, sailboat, motorboat, rowboat, floating in an inner
tube, or other craft), adult leaders for such activity must complete
Safety Afloat Training, No. 34159, have a commitment card, No. 34242,
with them, and be dedicated to full compliance with all ninepoints of
Safety Afloat.
1. Qualified Supervision
All activity afloat must be
supervised by a mature
and conscientious adult age 21 or older who understands and knowingly
accepts responsibility for the well-being and safety of the children in
his or her care, who is experienced and qualified in the particular
watercraft skills and equipment involved in the activity, and who is
committed to compliance with the nine points of BSA Safety Afloat. One
such supervisor is required for each 10 people, with a minimum of two
adults for any one group. At least one supervisor must be age 21 or
older, and the remaining supervisors must be age 18 or older. All
supervisors must complete BSA Safety Afloat and Safe Swim Defense
training and rescue training for the type of watercraft to be used in
the activity, and at least one must be trained in CPR. It is strongly
recommended that all units have at least one adult or older youth
member currently trained as a BSA Lifeguard to assist in the planning
and conducting of all activity afloat.
For Cub Scouts: The ratio of adult
supervisors to
participants is one to five.
2. Physical Fitness
All persons must present evidence of
fitness by a
complete health history from a physician, parent, or legal guardian.
Adjust all supervision, discipline, and protection to anticipate any
risks associated with individual health conditions. In the event of any
significant health conditions, a medical evaluation by a physician
should be required by the adult leader.
3. Swimming Ability
A person who has not been classified
as a "swimmer"
may ride as a passenger in a rowboat or motorboat with an adult
swimmer, or in a canoe, raft, or sailboat with an adult who is trained
as a lifeguard or a lifesaver by a recognized agency. In all other
circumstances, the person must be a swimmer to participate in an
activity afloat. Swimmers must pass this test:
Jump
feetfirst into water over your head. Swim 75 yards in a strong manner
using one or more of the following strokes:�sidestroke, breaststroke,
trudgen, or crawl; then swim 25 yards using an easy resting backstroke.
The 100 yards must be swum continuously and include at least one sharp
turn. After completing the swim, rest by floating. This qualification
test should be renewed annually.
4. Personal Flotation
Equipment
Properly fitted U.S. Coast
Guard-approved personal
flotation devices (PFDs) must be worn by all persons engaged in
activity on the open water (rowing, canoeing, sailing, boardsailing,
motorboating, waterskiing, rafting, tubing, kayaking, and
surfboarding). Type II and III PFDs are recommended.
5. Buddy System
All activity afloat necessitates
using the buddy
system. Not only must every individual have a buddy, but every craft
should have a "buddy boat" when on the water.
6. Skill Proficiency
All participants in activity afloat
must be trained
and experienced in watercraft handling skills, safety, and emergency
procedures. (a) For unit activity on white water, all participants must
complete special training by a BSA Aquatics Instructor or qualified
whitewater specialist. (b) Powerboat operators must be able to meet
requirements for the Motorboating merit badge or equivalent. (c) Except
for whitewater and powerboat operation as noted above, either a minimum
of three hours' training and supervised practice or meeting
requirements for "basic handling tests" is required for all float trips
or open-water excursions using unpowered craft. (d) Motorized personal
watercraft, such as the Jet Ski® and SeaDoo®, are not authorized for
use in Scouting aquatics, and their use should not be permitted in or
near BSA program areas.
For Cub Scouts:�Canoeing, kayaking,
rowing, and
rafting for Cub Scouts (including Webelos Scouts) are to be limited to
council/district events on flat water ponds or controlled lake areas
free of powerboats and sailboats. Prior to recreational canoeing and
kayaking, Cub Scouts are to be instructed in basic handling skills and
safety practices.
7. Planning
For Cub Scouts:�Cub Scout canoeing,
kayaking,
rowing, and rafting do not include "trips" or "expeditions" and are not
to be conducted on running water (i.e., rivers or streams); therefore,
some procedures are inapplicable. Suitable weather requires clear
skies, no appreciable wind, and warm air and water.
8. Equipment
All equipment must be suited to the
craft, to water
conditions, and to the individual; must be in good repair; and must
satisfy all state and federal requirements. Spare equipment or repair
materials must be carried. Appropriate rescue equipment must be
available for immediate use.
9. Discipline
All participants should know,
understand, and
respect the rules and procedures for safe unit activity afloat. The
applicable rules should be presented and learned prior to the outing,
and should be reviewed for all participants at the water's edge just
before the activity begins. When Scouts know and understand the reasons
for the rules, they will observe them. When fairly and impartially
applied, rules do not interfere with the fun. Rules for safety, plus
common sense and good judgment, keep the fun from being interrupted by
tragedy.
Note: For cruising vessels (excluding
rowboats,
canoes, kayaks, and rafts, but including sailboats and powerboats
greater than 20 feet long) used in adult-supervised unit activities by
a chartered Venturing crew/ship specializing in watercraft operations,
or used in adult-supervised program activity in connection with any
high-adventure program or other activity under the direct sponsorship
and control of the National Council, the standards and procedures in
the Sea Scout Manual may be substituted for the Safety Afloat standards.
Reference:
Safety Afloat, No. 34368 and in the Online Learning Center
Properly fitted U.S. Coast
Guard-approved
personal flotation devices (PFDs) must be worn by all persons engaged
in activity on the open water (rowing, canoeing, sailing, boardsailing,
motorboating, waterskiing, rafting, tubing, and kayaking).
Only U.S. Coast
Guard-approved equipment
(types I, II, or III) is acceptable for use in Scouting aquatics.
Ski belts are not acceptable. Scouts and unit leaders should learn
which type is appropriate for each specific circumstance and how to
wear and check for proper fit.
Reference:
Safety Afloat, No. 34368 and in the Online Learning Center
Swimming activity in turbid
water should
be limited to surface swimming. Turbid water exists when a 12-inch
white disk at the depth of 3 feet is not visible from above the surface
of the water. Underwater swimming, headfirst entry (except for racing
dives), and board diving are not permitted in turbid water.
Supervised instruction in lifesaving skills and surface diving may be
conducted in confined areas of turbid water not exceeding 8 feet in
depth and free of bottom hazards.
Snorkeling and scuba skills
are taught and
practiced only in clear water. Clear water exists when a 12-inch disk
at a depth of 8 feet is visible from above the surface of the water.
Primary
references: Tours and Expeditions, No. 33737 and
Health and Safety Guide, No. 34415
BSA Lifeguard training has been
established to
provide units (packs, troops, teams, crews, and ships) with qualified
individuals within their own membership to give knowledgeable
supervision for activities on or in the water. The first standard in
the Safe Swim Defense and Safety Afloat guidelines establishes a need
for qualified supervision. An adult currently trained as a BSA
Lifeguard or an adult leader assisted by a Scout holding BSA Lifeguard
training meets this requirement. To enroll in the BSA Lifeguard course,
you must be at least 14 years of age or have completed the eighth
grade. The latest requirements for BSA Lifeguard training are included
on the application form, No. 34435A. Every unit leader is encouraged to
become trained or to be certain that at least one youth or adult member
of the unit has such training.
Reference:
BSA Lifeguard Counselor Guide, No. 34536
Swimming areas should be large enough
to avoid
crowding (minimum of 40 square feet per swimmer). Note the following in
accordance with Safe Swim Defense rules. Mark off the area
for three groups: not more than 3.5 feet deep for nonswimmers; from
shallow water to just over the head for beginners; deep water not more
than 12 feet for swimmers.
"Diving" refers to any water entry
where
the feet are not making first contact with the water. "Elevated entry"
refers to any water entry from a height more than 18 inches above the
water. According to BSA Safe Swim Defense standards, no diving or
swimming activity of any kind is done in water with a depth greater
than 12 feet.
All water entry must be feetfirst
where
the water has less than 7 feet of unobstructed depth. A leaping entry
is recommended where water is at or above head level; a step-down or
jump-down entry from a sitting position is recommended for shallower
water.
No diving is permitted in water with
less
than 7 feet of unobstructed depth. Diving is permitted in clear water
over 7 feet deep from a dock, pier, or platform that is no more than 18
inches above the water surface. For elevated entry from 18 inches high
but less than 40 inches above the water surface, clear and unobstructed
water depth must be at least 9 feet. The water must be clear enough to
enable supervisory and guard personnel to see the diver at the deepest
part of the plunge.
Board diving is permitted only from
boards, mounted on a fixed (not floating) platform or deck, no more
than 40 inches (approximately 1 meter) above the water surface. Clear
water depth below the board should be 9 to 12 feet. A guard or
supervisor should be positioned where the diver can be seen at all
times beneath the surface. There should be no other surface or
underwater activity or obstruction for at least 15 feet on either side
of the board and 25 feet in front of the board. Diving should always be
done straight ahead from the board, never to the sides.
Any elevated entry from a height
greater
than 40 inches must be feetfirst and only from a fixed platform or
solid footing no more than 60 inches above the water surface. Clear
water depth should be 10 to 12 feet. Other protective measures and
distances are the same as for board diving.
Any person possessing, displaying, or
using scuba (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) in
connection with any Scouting-related activity must either be currently
certified by, or enrolled in a training course authorized by the
National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI), the Professional
Association of Diving Instructors (PADI), or Scuba Schools
International (SSI). These agencies are recognized by the Boy Scouts of
America for scuba training and instruction. Alternatively, if PADI,
NAUI, or SSI training and instruction is not available, certification
may be accepted from other agencies that comply with Recreational Scuba
Training Council (RSTC) guidelines, provided that such acceptance has
been expressly approved by the BSA local council in consultation with
the BSA national Health and Safety Service.
Youth members in Cub Scouting are not
authorized to use scuba in any activity.
The use of scuba is not authorized
for a
BSA unit, except so that registered Boy Scout youth and leaders may
participate in the Scuba BSA program conducted by a certified dive
instructor in compliance with this policy. Scuba BSA is not a diver
certification program.
Scuba training programs may be a part
of
troop/team activities for participants who are 14 years of age or
older. Members who meet the age requirement and are properly certified
may participate in group dives under the supervision of a responsible
adult who is currently certified as a dive master, assistant
instructor, or any higher rating from NAUI, PADI, or SSI. Student
divers must be under the supervision of a currently certified NAUI,
PADI, or SSI instructor. No exceptions to the BSA age requirement are
permitted. Scouts with a junior diver certification may dive only when
accompanied by a buddy who is a certified open-water diver at least 18
years old.
Scuba programs may be a part of
Venturing
activities for participants who are 14 years of age or older. Members
who meet the age requirement and are properly certified may participate
in group dives under the supervision of a responsible adult who is
currently certified as a dive master, assistant instructor, or any
higher rating from NAUI, PADI, or SSI. Student divers must be under the
supervision of a currently certified NAUI, PADI, or SSI instructor. No
exceptions to the BSA age requirement are permitted.
The Snorkeling BSA requirements
introduce Scout-age
children and adult leaders to the special skills, equipment, and safety
precautions associated with snorkeling; encourage the development of
aquatics skills that promote fitness and recreation; and provide a
foundation for those who later will participate in more advanced
underwater activity.
Snorkeling Safety is the recommended
procedure for
conducting BSA swimming activities using masks, fins, and snorkels.
Since snorkeling is a swimming activity, Safe Swim Defense guidelines
are applicable. Snorkeling Safety clarifies and extends Safe Swim
Defense concepts to situations encountered during training and open
water snorkeling.
Counselors. Any
adult trained
and assigned by a currently certified Aquatics Instructor BSA may serve
as a counselor for the Snorkeling BSA award. A person certified to
conduct snorkeling instruction by the Professional Association of
Diving Instructors (PADI), or the National Association of Underwater
Instructors (NAUI), or other BSA recognized agency, also qualifies as a
Snorkeling BSA counselor.
Programming.
Instruction must be
conducted in clear, confined water with a maximum depth of 12 feet. A
swimming pool is recommended. Snorkeling BSA is ideally suited to
winter programs using indoor pools. Three 45-minute sessions are
recommended for instruction, practice, and completion of requirements.
- 1. Qualified Supervision
- All swimming activity, including snorkeling, must be
supervised by a mature and conscientious adult age 21 or older who
understands and knowingly accepts responsibility for the well-being and
safety of the youth members in his or her care; who is experienced in
the water and is confident of his or her ability to respond in the
event of an emergency; and who is trained in and committed to
compliance with the eight points of BSA Safe Swim Defense.
- An experienced snorkeler must supervise snorkeling
instruction and open water snorkeling activities. At a minimum, the
supervisor must possess skills and knowledge matching the Snorkeling
BSA award, and have experience with environments similar to those of
the planned activity. The supervisor is responsible for compliance with
each point of BSA Snorkeling Safety.
- Unit leaders may rely on the expertise of other adults to
supplement their knowledge and training. They may delegate the task of
supervision, for example, when the unit is participating in a
snorkeling activity conducted by a tour operator, provided they are
satisfied that the operator's training and experience will provide a
safe activity with appropriate safeguards.
- 2. Physical Fitness
- All persons must present evidence of fitness for snorkeling
activity with a complete health history from physician, parent, or
legal guardian. The adult supervisor should adjust all supervision,
discipline, and protection to anticipate any potential risks associated
with individual health conditions. Recent sinus or ear infections may
temporarily preclude surface dives while snorkeling. Those with known
adverse reactions to stings from marine life, or with chronic
conditions such as diabetes or asthma, may need special medications at
hand. Adults with known risk factors for cardiovascular disease should
not undertake strenuous activities without the advice of their
physician. In the event of any significant health conditions, a medical
evaluation by a physician should be required by the adult leader. Those
with chronic disease or physical disabilities may still be able to
enjoy and benefit from aquatics if the conditions are known and
necessary precautions are taken.
- 3. Safe Area
- Training in the use of snorkeling equipment shall be
performed in clear water in a confined area that conforms to Safe Swim
Defense guidelines. 'Clear water' implies pool-like visibility. At a
minimum, an 8-inch disk with white and black quadrants at a depth of
eight feet should be recognizable from above the surface. 'Confined
area' denotes either a pool or an established summer camp swimming area
with direct access from the shore or a dock.
- Safe conditions for open water swimming and snorkeling
depend on water clarity, area definition, depth, access, and other
environmental factors. Snorkeling is limited to clear water. 'Open
water' denotes a temporary swimming area of flexible extent in a
natural body of water that may not be close to shore.
- An open water snorkeling area need not have physical
boundary markers, but the activity should be restricted within a
specified distance of a point on shore, an anchored vessel, a moving
guard boat, or a float with a dive flag attached. Generally, a 50-foot
radius is recommended, and may be dictated by local regulations
concerning the use of a dive flag. The area covered by the snorkeling
group should be small enough to allow rapid assistance from rescue
personnel.
- Emergency response places limitations on safe water depth
as well as water clarity and area. Guards should be able to quickly and
easily reach the bottom, locate, recover, and transport a submerged
victim to shore or vessel. At the start of the activity, and
periodically if the group moves along a reef or other feature, the
guards should check their ability both to see and to reach the bottom.
The group should be directed towards shallower water whenever the
guards experience any difficulty. (Twelve feet is designated as a
reasonable maximum depth in Safe Swim Defense. In practice, slightly
shallower or deeper depths may be appropriate. Different guard
personnel will be able to easily recover objects from different depths,
particularly if wearing fins. The practical way to confirm a safe depth
is to test that the bottom is within comfortable reach of all
designated rescue personnel.)
- Limited or distant access to the snorkeling area may
require additional consideration. Underwater features close to a
sloping beach or near an anchored vessel are ideal. If the snorkeling
site is a considerable distance from a beach or permitted anchoring
location, the ability to rest becomes important and may restrict the
activity close to shallow water or dictate the use of inflatable vests
and/or small guard craft. Tide tables should be consulted in areas with
large tidal changes, especially when beach access is at the base of a
cliff. Snorkeling in a river may require an exit point downstream of
the entry.
- Snorkeling should not be done if water depth, clarity, or
temperature, boat traffic, waves, current, weather, marine life, or
bottom conditions, including vegetation, are deemed unsafe by the
qualified supervisor. Time in the water should be adjusted based on
water temperature and sun exposure. Snorkeling at night is limited to
lighted pools unless the activity is conducted at a BSA nationally
accredited high-adventure base.
- 4. Proper Equipment
-
- All snorkeling equipment shall be properly fitted and
in good repair.
- The use of inflatable snorkeling vests and personal
flotation devices is at the discretion of the qualified supervisor
based on local conditions and the abilities of the participants and
guards. Use of individual flotation devices is required in open water
whenever there is a noticeable current or swells, when the bottom is
not visible from the surface (due to vegetation or limited visibility
beyond 8 feet), or when the activity is an extended distance (>
50 yards) from shore or craft.
- A dive flag should be used at all open water sites. It
may be displayed from a dive boat or attached to a float and towed with
the snorkeling party. Local rules and regulations may specify the type
of flag and how close snorkelers must stay to it.
- Protective clothing may be worn. Gloves are appropriate
in areas with sharp rocks or encrusted structures. A shirt or a diver's
body suit will provide limited protection from sun, abrasion, or coral
burns and minor insulation in warm water. In temperate water, a partial
or full wet suit may be worn. Weight belts may not be used.
- Lifesaving equipment in good repair shall be ready for
immediate use by guard personnel. A flotation device is recommended,
such as a rescue tube, bodyboard, or PFD, supplemented, as appropriate,
by reaching and throwing devices, and small craft. Dive boats should be
equipped with radios and first aid kits, and should deploy a safety
line.
- 5. Lifeguards/Lookout
- It is the responsibility of the qualified supervisor to
designate personnel for emergency response whenever lifeguards are not
provided by a facility or tour operator. The snorkeling party should be
divided into groups of 2 to 8 swimmers with two guards, paired as
buddies, assigned to each group. (Units may be divided by patrols or
crews.) The guards should be competent swimmers with basic water rescue
skills. Emergency procedures, including entries, exits, and the role of
everyone in the group, should be reviewed and practiced prior to the
activity using rescue aids at the site. The guards should be stationed
either afloat or ashore where they can see and hear all those in their
group. To improve visibility, the guards and the swimmers should be
positioned so that they do not face into the sun. Snorkelers in a group
should remain off the same side of a vessel. Inflatable or rigid
dinghies with oars are appropriate guard craft. The guards and
snorkelers should remain close enough for rapid rescue response,
generally within 50 feet of one another. In some situations, the
qualified supervisor may deem it appropriate for the guards to tow
rescue aids while accompanying their group in the water.
- Guards are responsible for surveillance as well as rescue.
If there is more than one group, then a separate lookout, who may be
the qualified supervisor, should coordinate the entire activity and
monitor changing conditions. The lookout should have audible or visible
means, such as an air horn or flag, to recall all groups. If a boat is
used to transport snorkelers to the site, then at least one person
should remain aboard who knows how to drive the boat and use the radio.
At least one person in the party must be trained in CPR.
- It is the combined responsibility of the adult supervisor,
the lookout, and the guards to know the number of people in the water
at all times and to make frequent visible confirmations of that number.
Buddy boards and tags, or their equivalent, must be used to account for
everyone in the water.
- 6. Ability
- Scouts classified as beginners or nonswimmers may use
snorkeling equipment in clear, confined water of appropriate depth, as
specified in Safe Swim Defense (points 3 and 6), during instructional
swims or during closely-supervised recreational activity. Training for
the Snorkeling BSA award is limited to Scouts and adults classified as
swimmers. Only those who have completed the Snorkeling BSA requirements
may participate in open water snorkeling.
- 7. Buddy System
- All participants in snorkeling activities are paired as
buddies. Buddies should check each other's equipment prior to the
activity and review hand signals. During the activity, they should
remain close enough that they are constantly aware of their buddy
location and condition. Generally, buddies should take turns making
breath-holding dives. That is, one buddy remains at the surface,
floating with his mask in the water while breathing through the
snorkel, and keeps an eye on the buddy who is down. When the diver
surfaces, both buddies check their position relative to the group
before moving on or letting the other buddy dive.
- The adult supervisor, lookout, or guards may call buddy
checks as needed to keep the buddies together. Buddy checks may also be
called to aid communication. Buddy pairs should be instructed to
routinely watch for pre-determined audible and visual signals of a
buddy check.
- 8. Discipline
- Be sure everyone understands and agrees that snorkeling is
allowed only with proper supervision and use of the complete Safe Swim
Defense and BSA Snorkeling Safety standards. The applicable rules
should be presented and learned prior to the outing, and should be
reviewed for all participants at the beginning of the snorkeling
activity. Scouts should respect and follow all directions and rules of
the adult supervisor. When people know the reasons for rules and
procedures they are more likely to follow them. Treatment should be
strict and fair, with no favoritism.
Reference:
BSA Snorkeling Safety, No. 19-176
Kayaking activities are limited to
Boy Scouts,
Varsity Scouts, and Venturers. Additional kayaking information may be
found in the Kayaking BSA pamphlet, No. 19-510, the
Fieldbook, No. 33104; the Whitewater
merit badge pamphlet, 33405; and Varsity Team Program
Features, Volume III, No. 34839.
Kayaking BSA provides an introduction
to kayaking
skills and safety procedures and serves as a program opportunity for
Boy Scout, Varsity, and Venturing units in camp or out. Mastery of
Kayaking BSA skills is a first critical step towards satisfying Safety
Afloat guidelines for safe kayak excursions.
- 1. Qualified supervision.
- All kayaking activities must be supervised by a mature and
conscientious adult who understands and knowingly accepts
responsibility for the well-being and safety of the youth and who is
experienced with the type of kayaks and activity under consideration.
One adult supervisor is required for every 10 participants, with a
minimum of two for any one group. All supervisors must complete Safety
Afloat and Safe Swim Defense training, and at least one must be trained
in cardiopulmonary resusitation (CPR).
- 2. Physical fitness.
- Evidence of fitness for swimming activity is required in
the form of a complete health history from a physician, parent, or
guardian. The supervisor must know the physical condition of all
participants and must adjust activities to avoid any potential risks
associated with individual health concerns.
- 3. Swimming ability.
- Every participant must be classified as a "swimmer" to
participate in training for Kayaking BSA or to paddle a solo kayak at a
Scouting function.
- 4. Personal flotation
equipment.
- Properly fitted U.S. Coast Guard-approved personal
flotation devices (PFDs) must be worn by all persons engaged in
kayaking.
- 5. Buddy system.
- Scouts never go on the water alone. Every person must have
a buddy, and every craft on the water must have a "buddy boat."
- 6. Skill proficiency.
- All persons participating in activity afloat must be
trained and practiced in craft-handling skills, safety, and emergency
procedures. Kayaking BSA prepares Scouts and unit leaders for kayaking
on flat water of a limited extent, such as that at a camp waterfront.
Kayak trips require additional training in emergency equipment and
communication. Ocean and river trips require additional kayaking skills
for dealing with waves and moving water and the ability to "read" the
environment. Units should not undertake excursions on class II
whitewater before mastering the necessary skills on class I rivers.
- 7. Planning.
- Before Scouts go afloat, they develop a float plan
detailing their route, time schedule, and contingency plans. The float
plan considers all possible water and weather conditions and all
applicable rules or regulations, and is shared with all who have an
interest.
- 8. Equipment.
- All equipment must be suited to the craft, to the water
conditions, and to the individual. Equipment must be in good repair and
meet all applicable standards. Appropriate rescue equipment must be
available. Whitewater kayaking requires the use of safety helmets.
During treks, safety gear such as navigation aids, weather radios,
individual signal devices, throw bags, first aid kits, spare paddles,
and spare clothing should be carried in the kayaks or in support craft.
- 9. Discipline.
- Scouts must know and respect the rules, and always follow
directions from the adults supervising the activity afloat. Rules and
safety procedures should be reviewed before each group launch.
Reference:
Kayaking BSA, No. 19-510
Safe waterskiing starts with safe
equipment; a
thorough knowledge of techniques; competent instruction; an efficient,
careful towboat operator; and a conscientious observer. A life jacket
is a must for all water-skiers. Skis should be in good shape and free
from sharp or protruding edges. The boat operator should be driving
solely for the benefit, satisfaction, and safety of the skier. The boat
and skier should stay away from docks, swimmers, boaters, people who
are fishing, and other objects.
The Water Sports Safety Code is found
in the Water
Sports merit badge pamphlet. These are guidelines to be
followed by all those involved in the sports of waterskiing and
wakeboarding.
Waterskiing activities are limited to
Boy Scouts,
Varsity Scouts, and Venturers.
Reference:
Water Sports merit badge pamphlet, No. 33348
The BSA boardsailing program has been
developed to
introduce Scout-age children to basic boardsailing skills, equipment,
and safety precautions, to encourage development of skills that promote
fitness and safe aquatics recreation, and to lay a skill and knowledge
foundation for those who will later participate in more advanced and
demanding activities on the water.
Any person recognized and certified
as an
instructor by Windsurfer International or the U.S. Board Sailing
Association may serve as a counselor for the Boardsailing Award with
the approval of the local council service center. Any person trained
and experienced in boardsailing skills and safety may serve as a
counselor for this award in a Scout summer camp program under the
direction and supervision of a currently trained BSA Aquatics
Instructor.
Instruction in recreational activity
must be
conducted according to the BSA guidelines for boardsailing. The
Boardsailing Award is now available for inclusion in Scouting programs.
Reference:
Boardsailing BSA Award Application, No. 19-935
The following guidelines, adapted
from the American
Whitewater Safety Code, are geared especially for Scouting-related
whitewater activities and are an excellent supplement to the SAfety
Afloat guidelines.
- Be a competent swimmer
Being a safe whitewater boater does not require Olympian swimming
skills, but you should be comfortable and competent in the water and be
able to handle yourself underwater.
- Wear a personal flotation
device (PFD)
A properly fitted vest-type PFD offers back and shoulder protection as
well as the flotation needed to swim safely in whitewater.
- Wear a solid, correctly
fitted helmet
A helmet is essential in kayaks or covered canoes and is recommended
for open canoeists using thigh straps and rafters running steep drops.
- Keep your boat under
control
Your skills should be sufficiently developed to enable you to stop or
get to shore before reaching danger. Do not enter a rapid unless you
are reasonably sure that you can run it safely or swim it without
injury.
- Be aware of river hazards
Whitewater rivers present many hazards, such as high water of very cold
water, strainers (brush or trees in the water), dams, ledges, holes,
undercut rocks, or places where broaching (hitting an obstacle
broadside) is likely. If you do not think you can boat around a hazard,
get out and walk.
- Avoid Boating Alone
The recommended minimum party is three people in at least two craft.
- Know the limits of your
boating ability
Do not attempt rivers or rapids that require paddling skills more
advanced than those you possess
- Know how to self-rescue
Learn and practice self-rescue techniques such as recovering from a
capsize.
- Be trained in rescue
skills
Be able to perform CPR and first aid, including being able to recognize
and treat hypothermia.
- Be suitable equipped and
prepared for emergencies
- Wear shoes that protect your feet.
- Carry a throw rope, knife,
whistle, and waterproof matches.
- Tie your glasses on.
- Bring duct tape on short runs and
a full repair kit on isolated rivers.
- Do not wear bulky clothing that
could get waterlogged and hinder your ability to swim.
- Be responsible for your
own safety
- Make thoughtful and responsible
decisions about whether to participate in a trip.
- Choose appropriate equipment.
- Scout all rapids first and use
your best judgment to decide whether to run or portage.
- Evaluate your own and your group's
safety on an ongoing basis. Speak with anyone whose actions on the
water are dangerous, whether the person is a part of your group or not.
For more information about whitewater
safety and to
view the complete American Whitewater Safety Code, visit www.americanwhitewater.org.
The Boy Scouts of America has
established the
following guidelines for its members' participation in camping
activities:
- Overnight camping by
Tiger, Wolf, and Bear Cub Scout dens
as dens is not approved and certificates of liability insurance will
not be provided by the Boy Scouts of America.
- Tiger Cubs may
participate in boy-parent excursions, day
camps, pack overnighters, or council-organized family camping.
- Wolf and Bear Cub
Scouts and Webelos Scouts may participate
in a resident overnight camping program operating under BSA National
Camping School-trained leadership and managed by the council.
- A Webelos Scout may
participate in overnight den camping
when supervised by an adult. In most cases, the Webelos Scout will be
under the supervision of his parent or guardian. It is essential that
each Webelos Scout be under the supervision of a parent-approved adult.
Joint Webelos den-troop campouts including the parents of the Webelos
Scouts are encouraged to strengthen ties between the pack and troop.
Den leaders, pack leaders, and parents are expected to accompany the
boys on approved trips.
- All Scouts registered
in Boy Scout troops are eligible to
participate in troop or patrol overnight campouts, camporees, and
resident camps.
- Boy Scouts and Varsity
Scouts 12 through 17 are eligible to
participate in national jamborees. Boy Scouts and Varsity Scouts 13
through 17 are also eligible to participate in world jamborees and
high-adventure programs.
- All youth registered in
Venturing are eligible to
participate in crew, district, council, and national Venturing
activities as well as national high-adventure programs and world
jamborees.
If a well-meaning leader brings
along a child who
does not meet these age guidelines, disservice is done to the unit
because of distractions often caused by younger children. A disservice
is also done to the child, who is not trained to participate in such an
activity and who, as a nonmember of the group, may be ignored by the
older campers.
Reference:
Cub Scout Outdoor Program Guidelines, No. 13-631
Family camping: an outdoor
camping
experience, other than resident camping, that involves Cub Scouting,
Boy Scouting, or Venturing program elements in overnight settings with
two or more family members, including at least one BSA member of that
family. Parents are responsible for the supervision of their children,
and Youth Protection guidelines apply.
Recreational family camping:
when Scouting
families camp as a family unit outside of an organized program. It is a
nonstructured camping experience, but is conducted within a Scouting
framework on local council-owned or -managed property. Local
councils may have family camping grounds available for rental at
reasonable rates. Other resources may include equipment, information,
and training.
References:
Resident Camping for Cub Scouting, No. 13-33814, Cub Scout Outdoor
Program Guidelines, No. 13-631, and Scoutmaster Handbook,
No. 33009
Cub Scouts may experience
overnight
activities in venues other than accredited resident camping. There are
two categories of Cub Scout overnighters:
Council-organized family
camps are
overnight events involving more than one pack. The local council
provides all of the elements of the outdoor experience, such as
staffing, food service, housing, and program. These are often referred
to as Parent/Pal or Adventure weekends. Council-organized family camps
should be conducted by trained leaders at sites approved by the local
council. In most cases, the youth member will be under the supervision
of a parent or guardian. In all cases, each youth participant is
responsible to a specific adult.
Overnight activities
involving more than
one pack must be approved by the council. Council-organized family
camps must be conducted in accordance with established standards as
given in National Standards for Council-Organized Family Camping, No.
13-408.
These are pack-organized
overnight events
involving more than one family from a single pack, focused on
age-appropriate Cub Scout activities and conducted at council-approved
locations (councils use Pack Overnighter Site Approval Form, No.
13-508). If nonmembers (siblings) participate, the event must be
structured accordingly to accommodate them. BSA health and safety and
youth protection guidelines apply. In most cases, each youth
member will be under the supervision of a parent or guardian. In all
cases, each youth participant is responsible to a specific adult.
At least one adult on a
pack overnighter
must have completed Basic Adult Leader Outdoor Orientation (BALOO, No.
34162) to properly understand the importance of program intent, youth
protection guidelines, health and safety, site selection,
age-appropriate activities, and sufficient adult participation. Permits
for campouts shall be issued locally. Packs use Local Tour Permit
Application, No. 34426.
Reference:
Cub Scout Outdoor Program Guidelines, No. 13-631
Anything can happen in the wild
outdoors, and you
should take measures designed to prevent accidents and injuries from
occurring. Ask the question: "What would happen if ________ occurred?"
Once you have identified possible problems, devise a plan to minimize
the risks and to manage a crisis if one occurs. Involve the entire crew
in this process so that everyone becomes aware of potential dangers and
how to avoid them.
Obviously, the best way to stay safe
in the
wilderness is to not get into trouble in the first place. This requires
planning, leadership, and good judgment. To help be prepared for the
challenges of a wilderness trek and camping experience, read Passport
to High Adventure, No. 4310.
Reference:
Boy Scout Handbook, No.33105
Alertness and care in all that is
done on the trail
and performing within the group's known capabilities are among the best
preventive measures against accidents. Most common outdoor injuries are
blisters, cuts, sprains, strains, bruises, and fractures. Hikers also
may become lost or get caught in storms, and they often panic as a
result. Avoidable tragedies may occur if campers and leaders lack the
skills and knowledge to deal with the problems encountered. Leaders
must alert youth members to the dangers of an unusual environment with
proper instructions on fire safety, orienteering, and safe travel.
Leaders must instruct those in their
groups to stay
together on well-established trails, avoid loose rocks (especially on
descent), and avoid dangerous ledges, cliffs, and areas where a fall
might occur. Accidents can occur when hikers kick and roll boulders
down steep hills. Wilderness trails have no caution signs for loose
rocks, nor do they have guardrails on cliffs.
It is strongly recommended that at
least one person
in the group be currently certified in first aid through the American
Red Cross or any recognized agency.
Trail safety is a matter of common
sense. The
response of individual members of a group in doing the right thing is
important. When they understand the reason for rules of safety, they
obey them more willingly.
The Boy Scouts of America has an
abundance of
literature related to proper procedures and guidelines for a group on a
trail.
References:
Boy Scout Handbook; Backpacking, Camping, and Hiking merit badge
pamphlets; Cub Scout Leader Book; Scoutmaster Handbook; Fieldbook
Each of the following elements plays
an important
role in the overall Trek Safely procedure. Fun and safe overnight
trekking activities require compliance with Trek Safely by both adult
and youth leaders.
- 1. Qualified Supervision
- All backcountry treks must be supervised by a mature,
conscientious adult at least 21 years of age who understands the
potential risks associated with the trek. This person knowingly accepts
responsibility for the well-being and safety of the youth in his or her
care. This adult supervisor is trained in and committed to compliance
with the seven points of the BSA's Trek Safely procedure. One
additional adult who is at least 18 years of age must also accompany
the unit.
- The lead adult is responsible for ensuring that someone in
the group is currently trained in first aid appropriate to the type of
trek and the environment. American Red Cross Wilderness First Aid Basic
(a 16-hour course) and CPR are recommended. A signed parental informed
consent form for each participant under 18 years of age may be used for
adventurous activities such as whitewater, climbing, and horse packing
treks.
- 2. Keep Fit
- Require evidence of fitness with a current BSA Personal
Health and Medical Record—Class III form, No. 34412. A regular fitness
regimen is recommended for trek participants. They are urged to start
slowly, gradually increasing the duration and intensity of their
exercise. The adult leader should adjust supervision, protection, and
planning to anticipate potential risks associated with individual
health conditions. Neither youth nor adults should participate in a
trek or activity for which they are not physically prepared. See Passport
to High Adventure, No. 4310.
- 3. Plan Ahead
- Planning a trek includes filing a tour permit application
with the local council service center at least a month before the
departure date. If travel of more than 500 miles is planned, submit the
National Tour Permit Application, No. 4419B. For activities off the
local council property and within 500 miles of home base, submit the
Local Tour Permit Application, No. 34426B.
- The trek should match the maturity, skill level, and
fitness of unit members. A youth or adult leader must secure land-use
permits to use public land or written permission from the owner to
cross or use private land. It is also crucial to learn about any
requirements and recommendations from the local land manager. Find out
about the terrain, elevation ranges, trails, wildlife, campsites,
typical weather conditions, and environmental issues for the period of
the trek.
- Training in Leave No Trace using the Principles of
Leave No Trace, No. 21-105, and the Leave No Trace Training
Outline, No. 20-113, is crucial. Units should anticipate a range of
weather conditions and temperatures and develop an alternate itinerary
in the event that adverse conditions develop.
- 4. Gear Up
- Procure topographic maps, as well as current trail maps,
for the area of the trek. Take equipment and clothing that is
appropriate for the weather and unit skill level, is in good condition,
and is properly sized for each participant. A qualified youth or adult
leader ensures that participants are trained in the proper use of
specialized equipment, particularly items with which they are not
familiar, such as climbing ropes, ice axes, crampons, watercraft,
bridles, saddles, and cross-country skis and poles. A shakedown must be
conducted to be sure each person has the right equipment without taking
too much.
- Crew equipment includes a first-aid kit stocked with
current medications and supplies. The leader reminds youth and adults
to bring and take prescribed medications. Every crew must have the
means to treat water for drinking by boiling it, treating it with
chemicals, or using an approved water filter. When ultraviolet light
(sunlight) is prevalent, it is critical that participants have adequate
sun protection, including broad-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and sunscreen.
- 5. Communicate Clearly
and
Completely
- Communication is one of the keys to a safe outdoor
adventure, and staying in touch with home base is the first step. A
youth or adult leader should complete a trip plan and share these
details of the trek—including time of departure, overnight stops, the
time of expected return, the trailhead (where vehicles will be parked)
and the itinerary and alternate itinerary—with a contact person in the
home area. At any time the itinerary changes, one of the leaders relays
the changes to the contact person, who in turn relays them to the
Scouts' parents. A plan for communicating with each parent is developed
before the trek.
- A means of electronic communication—with backup power—may
be helpful should an emergency occur. The leader should carry the
telephone numbers or contact information of medical and emergency
services in the area of the trek. Before calling for emergency
assistance, the exact location and nature of the patient's injury or
illness should be determined.
- Youth and adult leaders are responsible for making sure
that everyone knows what to expect and what is expected of them.
Leaders should communicate with each other, as well as with the entire
crew, to avoid unpleasant surprises.
- 6. Monitor Conditions
- The leaders are responsible for making good decisions
during the trek, conservatively estimating the capabilities and stamina
of the group. If adverse conditions develop, the group is prepared to
stop or turn back. The unit is responsible for monitoring weather
conditions and forecasts before and during the trek—a small National
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) radio is helpful
for learning current weather forecasts. Leaders continually assess
conditions, including weather, terrain, group morale, food and water
supplies, group physical condition, and other factors to determine the
difference between what is difficult and what is dangerous. Dangerous
conditions are avoided.
- 7. Discipline
- Each participant knows, understands, and respects the rules
and procedures for safe trekking and has been oriented in Trek Safely.
Applicable rules should be presented and learned prior to the outing
and should be reviewed with participants before the trek begins. When
participants know the reasons for rules and procedures, they are more
likely to follow them. Adult and youth leaders must be strict and fair,
showing no favoritism.
Reference:
Scoutmaster Handbook, No.33009
The summits of mountains, crests of
ridges, slopes
above timberline, and large meadows are extremely hazardous places to
be during lightning storms. If you are caught in such an exposed place,
quickly descend to a lower elevation, away from the direction of the
approaching storm, and squat down, keeping your head low. A dense
forest located in a depression provides the best protection. Avoid
taking shelter under isolated trees or trees much taller than adjacent
trees. Stay away from water, metal objects, and other substances that
will conduct electricity long distances.
By squatting with your feet close
together, you
have minimal contact with the ground, thus reducing danger from ground
currents. If the threat of lightning strikes is great, your group
should not huddle together but spread out at least 15 feet apart. If
one member of your group is jolted, the rest of you can tend to him.
Whenever lightning is nearby, take off backpacks with either external
or internal metal frames. In tents, stay at least a few inches from
metal tent poles.
- Stay away from open doors and
windows, fireplaces,
radiators, stoves, metal pipes, sinks, and plug-in electrical
appliances.
- Don't use hair dryers, electric
toothbrushes, or electric razors.
- Don't use the telephone; lightning
may strike telephone wires outside.
- Don't take laundry off the
clothesline.
- Don't work on fences, telephone
lines, power lines, pipelines, or structural steel fabrications.
- Don't handle flammable materials
in open containers.
- Don't use metal objects, such as
fishing rods and golf clubs. Golfers wearing cleated shoes are
particularly good lightning rods.
- Stop tractor work, especially when
the tractor is pulling metal equipment, and dismount. Tractors and
other implements in metallic contact with the ground are often struck
by lightning.
- Get out of the water and off small
boats.
- Stay in the car if you are
traveling. Automobiles offer excellent lightning protection.
- When no shelter is available,
avoid the highest object in the area. If only isolated trees are
nearby, the best protection is to crouch in the open, keeping twice as
far away from isolated trees as the trees are high.
- Avoid hilltops, open spaces, wire
fences, metal clotheslines, exposed sheds, and any electrically
conducted elevated objects.
A constant supply of treated drinking
water is
essential. Serious illness can result from drinking untreated water.
Protect your health. Don't take a chance on using water that you are
not sure of. Thermos jugs, plastic water containers, and canteens are
all satisfactory for carrying water. Be sure water is dispensed into
each person's own drinking cup.
In addition to having a bad odor or
taste, water
from questionable sources may be contaminated by microorganisms, such
as Giardia, that can cause a variety of diseases.
All water of uncertain treatment should be treated before use. Don't
take a chance on using water that you are not sure of. To treat water,
follow these steps:
- Filter the water to remove as many
solids as
possible.
- Bring it to a rolling boil and
boil it for a full minute.
- Let it cool at least 30 minutes.
- Add eight drops of liquid chlorine
bleach per gallon of cool water. (Use common household bleach; 5.25
percent sodium hypochlorite should be the only active ingredient; there
should not be any added soap or fragrances). Water must be cool or
chlorine will dissipate and be rendered useless.
- Let the water stand 30 minutes.
- If it smells of chlorine, you can
use it. If it does not smell of chlorine, add eight more drops of
bleach and let it stand another 30 minutes. Smell it again. You can use
it if it smells of chlorine. If it doesn't, discard it and find another
water source.
- The only accepted measurement of
chlorine (or water treatment agents) is the drop. A drop is
specifically measurable. Other measures such as "capful" or "scant
teaspoon" are not uniformly measurable and should not be used.
In addition to common household
bleach, several
other types of chemical means to disinfect water are available, such as
iodine tables, iodide crystals, and halazone tablets. All of these are
acceptable, but some people have an allergic reaction to iodine
products. Follow the instructions on the package for proper use.
To treat cold water you must lengthen
the contact
(sitting) time depending on the water temperature to destroy Giardia
that may be present. Very cold water may take as long as four times the
normal contact time.
Several types of water treatment
filters are
available at camp stores. The Boy Scouts of America recommends that if
you use a water filter, you also chemically treat and/or boil the water
and carry extra filter cartridges and spare parts. Among the best water
filters are PUR, MSR, Katadyn, First Need, and Sweet Water.
Cub Scouts, Boy Scouts, and Venturers
are often
privileged to use the land and property of others for hiking, camping,
and other activities. This privilege carries important responsibilities
regarding care, courtesy and cleanliness.
Carelessness is regrettable and must
be avoided at
all times. On the other hand, deliberate vandalism is a criminal act
and is forbidden. Every Scout and Scouter has an obligation to do his
or her best to care for and protect every property that he or she
visits.
All youth and leaders should follow
these
guidelines:
- Every group that plans to use a
site must obtain
permission from the owner before entering the land. The best plan is
for one or two of the leaders to visit the owner several weeks before
the trip to get permission; if this is not possible, the owner should
be contacted by letter or telephone.
If there is any uncertainty about permission (for instance, permission
has been granted in the past, but you received no response to your
recent request), check in when you arrive for the trip. In this case,
one or two members of the group should find the owner while other
members wait. Don't assume that permission is automatic and begin
unloading equipment. If you find that the owner is not available and
you don't have prior permission, you must go elsewhere.
- Many camp and activity sites, such
as those found in state parks, national forests, and national parks,
are owned by government entities or municipalities. Many of these have
strict access policies and/or permits that need to be secured in
advance. Be sure to follow the rules, which can be explained by a
property official or ranger.
- Ask where it will be convenient to
park cars. Don't block traffic lanes and driveways.
- Never write, mark, or paint on
walls, ceilings, rocks, or structures. Occasionally, it may be
necessary to mark a confusing trail or road. For this purpose, carry
small signs with arrows drawn on them. Place the markers in suitable
locations as the group enters, and collect them on the way out. Don't
cut live branches or trees.
- You might need to cross someone's
property to reach a campsite or activity area. Obtain permission to do
so, and remember that a landowner's income might depend on his or her
crops and livestock. Don't climb fences that might break under your
weight. Always leave gates exactly as you found them. Open gates can
result in extensive loss to the owner.
- Don't tease or chase livestock.
Take special care not to startle flocks of poultry. Disregard for the
owner's animals can result in injury to you and/or the animals.
- Be conscious of any actions that
will disturb or inconvenience the owner. Keep noise to a minimum,
especially late at night. Pick up trash, even that left by previous
visitors. Don't build a fire except in cleared fire sites and with the
owner's permission. It's best to use a backpacking stove. Fires must be
completely out before you leave the area.
- Don't leave behind any trace of
your visit. Leave every natural thing and manmade structure exactly as
it was before you entered, and remove everything you brought to the
site. Put trash in suitable containers, such as plastic bags, and then
take all trash home; never dump it on the ground.
- If it is not too late at night,
stop as you leave to tell the owner that you are leaving. If it is
late, write a note. Remember that the owner's schedule might not be the
same as yours. If the home is dark, regardless of the hour, don't
disturb the owner. In either case, thank the owner when you leave. Send
a follow-up letter that includes, if possible, pictures taken in the
area.
- When obtaining permission to enter
a property, never underestimate the length of time you might spend
there. If you specify an exit time to the owner, leave at that time.
You can plan longer trips for the future. Missing an exit time could
cause unnecessary concern or inconvenience for the owner.
- When planning camps and
activities, don't frequent the same well-known sites. Heavy traffic
causes damage and puts a strain on owner relations (commercial or
public sites excepted). In the backcountry, limit camping at one
location to no more than three days to help preserve the natural
environment.
- All Cub Scouts, Boy Scouts,
Venturers, and leaders should demonstrate their interest in the
property of others and their appreciation by participating in or
organizing an occasional cleanup to remove trash and repair damage left
by thoughtless visitors, as well as to remove writing on walls and
rocks. With the owner's permission, you might even carry out
conservation projects such as erosion control or wildlife habitat
improvement. This makes an excellent group project and teaches
conservation of and respect for the natural environment and property of
others.
Often, people forget that camps,
trails, and
activity sites belong to the landowner and that they must depend on his
or her goodwill. In recent years, use of natural areas has increased
tremendously. Owners of popular sites are besieged by people seeking
entrance, and the result has been that many owners are becoming
alienated. The rudeness and thoughtlessness of a few people can cause
property owners to exclude everyone from a site.
The above rules boil down to a simple
statement:
Use common sense and treat the owner as you would like to be treated.
If outdoor activity is to continue in this country, everyone must do
all they can to make themselves welcome at each site they visit.
Reference:
Scoutmaster Handbook, No.33009
Hantavirus is a deadly virus that was
first
recognized as a unique health hazard in 1993. There are four different
strains of hantavirus, and cases have been reported in 30 different
states. The virus is most active when the temperature is between 45°
and 72° (F).
Hantavirus is spread through the
urine and feces of
infected rodents. It is an airborne virus. A person is infected by
breathing in particles released into the air when infected rodents,
their nests, or their droppings are disturbed. This can happen when a
person is handling rodents, disturbing rodent nests or burrows,
cleaning buildings where rodents have made a home, or working outdoors.
The virus will die quickly when exposed to sunlight.
Symptoms of hantavirus include fever,
chills,
muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and a dry,
nonproductive cough. If you suspect that someone has been infected,
consult a physician immediately.
Rabies has become increasingly
prevalent in the
United States in recent years, with more than 7,000 animals, most of
which are wild, found to have the disease each year, according to
statistics released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC). This viral infection is often found in bats, foxes, raccoons,
and skunks. Rabies can be transmitted by warm-blooded animals,
including domestic dogs and cats.
Although rabies in humans is rare in
the United
States, the CDC reports that more than 22,000 people in this country
require vaccination each year after being exposed to rabid or
potentially rabid animals. States with the highest number of reported
cases include New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, New Mexico, Texas,
Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, New Hampshire, Maryland,
and parts of northern California.
Scout leaders can help prevent
exposures by
reminding Scouts to steer clear of wild animals and domestic animals
that they don't know. If someone is scratched or bitten by a
potentially rabid animal, Scout leaders should
Drugs: A Deadly Game! Order Form |
The Boy Scouts of America
prohibits the
use of alcoholic beverages and controlled substances at encampments or
activities on property owned and/or operated by the Boy Scouts of
America, or at any activity involving participation of youth members.
Adult leaders should support the
attitude that
young adults are better off without tobacco and may not allow
the use of tobacco products at any BSA activity involving youth
participants.
All Scouting functions, meetings, and
activities
should be conducted on a smoke-free basis, with smoking areas located
away from all participants.
References:
Scoutmaster Handbook, No.33009, and Health
and Safety Guide, No. 34415
Perhaps the most critical test of
your preparedness
will be in time of emergency. Developing and rehearsing an emergency
action plan will add precious time needed for response to a crisis.
This is true on a day hike, overnight or longer troop camp, and all
other activities.
- Planning ahead is the first step
to a calmer and
more assured disaster response. Determine what kinds of natural and
man-made disasters and emergencies could occur in your community. Make
a list of them, then discuss each one and what you should do as a group
in each situation. For each type of emergency, establish
responsibilities for each member of your household and plan to work
together as a team. Because some family members might not be at home at
the time of an emergency, designate alternates in case someone is
absent.
- Be sure everyone in the family can
recognize the different sounds made by smoke, heat, and motion
detectors, burglar alarms, fire alarms, and community sirens and
warning signals, and know what to do when they hear them.
- Discuss what to do if evacuation
from your house is necessary. Be sure everyone in the family knows that
in that case, they must not hesitate, but must get out as soon as
possible and after they are outside someone should call for help. Agree
on an outdoor meeting place for the family, such as a particular
neighbor's front porch.
- Be sure everyone in the family
knows how to call 911 (if your community has that service) and other
local emergency numbers; and how to call on different kinds of phones,
such as cell phones. Gather and post other emergency numbers, such as
poison control, the family doctor, a neighbor and an out-of-town person
who are your family's emergency contacts, a parent's work number and
cell number, etc. Post all emergency numbers near every telephone in
the house and make copies for everyone to carry with them.
- Because emergency responders will
need an address or directions on where to send help, be sure all family
members know how to describe where they can be found. Post your address
near each telephone in the house. When dealing with the stress of an
emergency, even adult family members could fail to recall details
correctly.
- Plan an out-of-town evacuation
route and an out-of-town meeting point, in the event all family members
aren't together at the same time to evacuate. The meeting point might
be the home of a family member in another city or a hotel or landmark
known to all family members.
- Practice evacuating your home
twice a year. Drive your planned evacuation route and plot alternate
routes on a map in case the chosen roads are impassable or grid-locked.
- Practice earthquake, tornado, and
fire drills at home, work, and school periodically.
- Be sure all family adults and
older children know that in case of emergency, it is their
responsibility to keep the family together, to remain calm, and explain
to younger family members what has happened and what is likely to
happen next.
What you have on hand when a disaster
happens could
make a big difference. Plan to store enough supplies for everyone in
your household for at least three days.
Have at least one gallon per person
per day.
Pack non-perishable, high-protein
items, including
energy bars, ready-to-eat soup, peanut butter, etc. Select foods that
require no refrigeration, preparation or cooking, and little or no
water.
Include extra batteries.
Include a reference guide.
Don't forget both prescription and
non-prescription
items.
Include extra batteries.
Gather a wrench to turn off gas if
necessary, a
manual can opener, screwdriver, hammer, pliers, knife, duct tape,
plastic sheeting, and garbage bags and ties.
Provide a change of clothes for
everyone, including
sturdy shoes and gloves.
Remember eyeglasses or contact lenses
and solution;
copies of important papers, including identification cards, insurance
policies, birth certificates, passports, etc.; and comfort items such
as toys and books.
You'll want toilet paper, towelettes,
feminine
supplies, personal hygiene items, bleach, etc.
Have cash. (ATMs and credit cards
won't work if the
power is out.)
Include a current list of family
phone numbers and
e-mail addresses, including someone out of the area who may be easier
to reach by e-mail if local phone lines are overloaded. A blank
Emergency Contact List form is included in this section for your use.
Include food, water, leash, litter
box or plastic
bags, tags, medications, and vaccination information.
Consider marking an evacuation route
on it from
your local area.
Emergency preparedness
includes
being prepared for all kinds of emergencies, able to respond in time of
crisis to save lives and property, and to help a community—or even a
nation—return to normal life after a disaster occurs. It is a challenge
to be prepared for emergencies in our world of man-made and natural
phenomena. The Emergency Preparedness BSA program is planned to inspire
the desire and foster the skills to meet this challenge in our youth
and adult members so that they can participate effectively in this
crucial service to their families, communities, and nation.
When an emergency occurs, it affects
every youth
and adult member of BSA in the immediate area, creating the
responsibility to respond: first, as an individual; second, as a member
of a family; and third, as a member of a Scouting unit serving the
neighborhood and community. To meet these varied responsibilities, the
Emergency Preparedness BSA plan includes preparedness training for
individuals, families, and units.
Download an Emergency Contact List to
use. (PDF)
Reference:
Emergency Preparedness, No.19-304
First aid is the first help or
immediate care given
someone who has suddenly sickened or been hurt in an accident.
First-aid training continues through the program of the Boy Scouts of
America as concrete evidence that we are prepared to help others in
need.
It is important that one person in
each touring
group be trained in the principles of first aid, know how and when to
put this knowledge to the best use, and thoroughly understand the
limitations of this knowledge.
It is strongly recommended that adult
leaders in
Scouting avail themselves of CPR and first-aid training by the American
Red Cross or any recognized agency to be aware of the latest techniques
and procedures. However, some of the first-aid techniques found in BSA
literature are not the same as those professed by the American Red
Cross. Frequently, modifications depend on the Scout's age—this could
be a factor in the Scout's judgment and physical dexterity.
A first-aid kit well stocked with the
basic
essentials is indispensable. Choose one sturdy and lightweight, yet
large enough to hold the contents so that they are readily visible and
so that any one item may be taken out without unpacking the whole kit.
Keep a list of contents readily available for easy refilling. Keep the
kit in a convenient location. Make one person responsible for keeping
the kit filled and available when needed. Quantities of suggested items
for your first-aid kit depend on the size of your group and local
conditions.
Because of the possibility of
exposure to
communicable diseases, first-aid kits should include latex or
vinyl gloves, plastic goggles or other eye protection, and antiseptic
to be used when giving first aid to bleeding victims, as protection
against possible exposure. Mouth barrier devices
should be available for use with CPR.
This specialized skill to endeavor to
revive
victims of cardiac arrest (no breathing, no pulse) may be taught to Boy
Scouts and Venturers by an instructor currently trained by the American
Red Cross or American Heart Association. Teaching this skill to Cub
Scouts is not recommended.
Preliminary skills related to CPR are
found in the Boy
Scout Handbook and the First Aid merit
badge pamphlet (rescue breathing, choking, and steps to take for CPR).
Reference:
Health and Safety Guide, No. 34415
Many people are concerned about the
rapid spread of
HIV (the AIDS virus) and try to avoid exposing themselves to this
hazard. Health professionals and amateur first-aiders like those of us
in Scouting may find ourselves faced with special concerns in this
regard. Therefore, we must know how to act and how to instruct the
youth we lead. Try to maintain the BSA's tradition of rendering first
aid to those in need. Recognize that often the victims we treat with
first aid are friends and family members whose health we are familiar
with. Therefore, in such cases, except when we know they have
infectious diseases, we should not hesitate to treat them.
Treat all blood as if it were
contaminated with
bloodborne viruses. Do not use bare hands to stop bleeding; always use
a protective barrier. Always wash exposed skin area with hot water and
soap immediately after treating the victim. The following equipment is
to be included in all first-aid kits and used when rendering first aid
to those in need:
Individuals (medicine, fire rescue,
and law
enforcement Venturing crew members; volunteer first-aiders at
camporees, Scouting shows, and similar events) who might have been
exposed to another's blood and body fluids should know the following:
- The chartered organization and its
leaders should
always explain and make clear the possible degree of exposure to blood
or body fluids as a result of Scouting activities.
- As a precaution, adult volunteers
or youth members should consider a hepatitis B vaccination. The cost of
the shots will not be borne by BSA, nor is the chartered organization
required to underwrite the cost.
- The chartered organization may
arrange to have shots given at a reduced rate or free of charge.
- If vaccination is recommended, any
adult volunteers and youth members who decline the shots, either at
full cost to them or at a reduced rate, or free, should sign a refusal
waiver that should be retained by the council for five years.
Near-drowning is a term used to
describe a fatality
that occurs several hours after resuscitation or revival of a drowning
victim. Near-drowning accidents are usually witnessed and CPR
(cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is delivered at the scene. Lung rupture
can occur during the submersion or consequent to the resuscitation
efforts. Pneumonia is a later complication in the injured lung. To
ensure that water-accident victims do not become near-drownings, they
need to be admitted to a hospital with a respiratory intensive care
unit and monitored for at least 24 hours to watch for complications.
The hypothermic victim requires special attention.
Knowledgeable adult supervision must
be provided
when Scouts are involved in the storage of chemical fuels, the handling
of chemical fuels in the filling of stoves or lanterns, or the lighting
of chemical fuels. The use of liquid fuels for starting any
type of fire is prohibited.
- Use compressed- or liquid-gas
stoves or lanterns
only with knowledgeable adult supervision and in Scout facilities only
where and when permitted.
- Operate and maintain according to
manufacturer's instructions included with the stove or lantern.
- Both gasoline and kerosene shall
be kept in well-marked, approved containers (never in a glass
container) and stored in a ventilated, locked box at a safe distance (a
minimum of 20 feet) from buildings and tents. Keep all chemical fuel
containers away from hot stoves and campfires, and store below 100
degrees (F).
- Let hot stoves and lanterns cool
before changing cylinders of compressed gases or refilling from
containers of liquid gas.
- Refill liquid-gas stoves and
lanterns a safe distance from any flames, including other stoves,
campfires, and personal smoking substances. A commercial camp stove
fuel should be used for safety and performance. Pour through a filter
funnel. Recap both the device and the fuel container before igniting.
- Never fuel a stove,
heater, or lantern inside a cabin; always do this outdoors. Do not
operate a stove, lantern, or charcoal grill in an unventilated
structure. Provide at least two ventilation openings, one high and one
low, to provide oxygen and exhaust for lethal gases. Never fuel
(example: all liquid fuels, charcoal. etc.), ignite, or operate a
stove, heater, or lantern in a tent.
- Place the stove on a level, secure
surface before operating. On snow, place insulated support under the
stove to prevent melting and tipping.
- Periodically check fittings on
compressed-gas stoves and on pressurized liquid-gas stoves for leakage,
using soap solution before lighting.
- To avoid possible fires, locate
gas tanks, stoves, etc., below any tents since heavy leakage of gas
will flow downhill the same as water.
- When lighting a stove, keep fuel
containers and extra cannisters well away. Do not hover over the stove
when lighting it. Keep your head and body to one side. Open the stove
valve quickly for two full turns and light carefully, with head,
fingers, and hands to the side of the burner. Then adjust down.
- Do not leave a lighted stove or
lantern unattended.
- Do not overload the stovetop with
heavy pots or large frying pans. If pots over 2 quarts are necessary,
set up a separate grill with legs to hold the pot, and place the stove
under the grill.
- Bring empty fuel containers home
for disposal. Do not place in or near fires. Empty fuel containers will
explode if heated and should never be put in fireplaces or with
burnable trash.
References:
Fieldbook, No. 33104, and Health and
Safety Guide, No. 34415
No tent material is completely
fireproof. It can
burn when exposed to continued, intense heat or fire. The most
important safeguard is to keep flames away from canvas materials. For
this reason, the following safety precautions are emphasized:
- Only flashlights and electric
lanterns are
permitted in tents. No flames in tents is
a rule that must be enforced.
- Never use liquid-fuel
stoves, heaters, lanterns, lighted candles, matches, and other flame
sources in or near tents.
- Do not pitch tents near an open
fire.
- Do not use flammable chemicals
near tents--charcoal lighter or spray cans of paint, bug killer, or
repellent.
- Be careful when using electricity
and lighting in tents.
- Always extinguish cooking
campfires promptly.
- Obey all fire laws,
ordinances, and regulations.
References:
Fieldbook, No. 33104, and Health and
Safety Guide, No. 34415
If fire breaks out, it must be
quickly and properly
suppressed. To do this, you must know the three classes of fires and
how to combat them:
- Class A
- Fires that involve normally combustible materials such as
paper, wood, fabrics, rubber, and many plastics. These fires can be
quenched with water or insulated with tri-class (ABC) chemical or foam
extinguishers.
- Class B
- Fires that involve gasoline, oil, grease, tars, paints,
lacquers, or flammable gases. The oxygen that supports this type of
fire must be cut off by tri-class (ABC), regular dry chemical, foam, or
carbon dioxide (CO2) extinguishers. Water is dangerous, as it spreads
the fire.
- Class C
- Electrical fires involving heated wire and arcing. These
fires must be suppressed with tri-class (ABC) dry chemicals or
CO2--never water, which is a conductor.
Fires in any one class may involve
materials of
other classes, so more than one type of extinguisher should be
available. Because of the danger of lethal fumes, carbon tetrachloride
(CCl4) extinguishers must not be used. Dispose of these extinguishers
as recommended by fire officials.
Extinguishers should normally be
mounted near a
doorway and approximately at shoulder level.
In a camp setting, the unit leader is
responsible
for training Scouts in fire prevention, fire detection and reporting,
and fire fighting. All youth members and adult leaders should have unit
fireguard plan training.
Reference:
Unit Fireguard, No. 33691A
The Boy Scouts of America
prohibits the
securing, use, and display of fireworks in conjunction with programs
and activities except where the fireworks display is conducted under
the auspices of a certified or licensed fireworks control expert.
Local councils may not
authorize any group
or chartered unit activity for or on behalf of its members, units, or
district to sell fireworks as a fund-raising or money-earning activity.
Reference:
Health and Safety Guide, No. 34415
The Boy Scouts of America adheres to
its
longstanding policy of teaching its youth and adult members the safe,
responsible, intelligent handling, care, and use of firearms, airguns,
and BB guns in planned, carefully managed, and supervised programs.
Except for law enforcement
officers
required to carry firearms within their jurisdiction, firearms shall
not be brought on camping, hiking, backpacking, or other Scouting
activities except those specifically planned for target shooting under
the supervision of a currently certified BSA or National Rifle
Association firearms instructor.
Youth members of Cub Scouting are
permitted to
participate in the shooting activities named in here only.
Archery and BB gun shooting
are restricted
to day camps, Cub Scout/Webelos Scout resident camps, council-managed
family camping programs, or to council activities where there are
properly trained supervisors and all standards for BSA shooting sports
are enforced. Archery and BB gun shooting are not to be done at the
pack level.
Cub Scouts are not permitted
to use any
other type of handgun or firearm.
Boy Scouts may participate in all
activities
previously listed for Cub Scouts and in the activities listed here.
- For range shooting, shot size is
determined by the
range rules.
- All shotgun shooting activities
must be supervised by a currently NRA-certified Shotgun Instructor and
when on the range, must be supervised by a currently NRA-certified
Range Safety Officer.
- Shooting safety glasses and ear
protection must be worn on shotgun ranges.
- Care must be taken to comply with
federal, state, and local laws.
- Muzzleloading firearms must be of
modern
manufacture. Firearms made from kits must be certified safe by a
licensed gunsmith.
- All muzzleloader range shooting
activities must be supervised by a currently NRA/NMLRA-certified muzzle
loader firearms instructor and when on the range, must be supervised by
a currently NRA-certified Range Safety Officer.
- For range firing, each participant
must have one instructor or adult coach under the supervision of a
currently NRA-certified Range Safety Officer.
- Shooting safety glasses and ear
protection must be worn on muzzleloader shooting ranges.
- Care must be taken to comply with
federal, state, and local laws.
- Boy Scouts may shoot single shot
22 caliber rifles
only.
- All rifle shooting activities must
be supervised by a currently NRA -certified Rifle Instructor and when
on the range, must be supervised by a currently NRA-certified Range
Safety Officer.
- Shooting safety glasses and ear
protection must be worn on rifle ranges.
- Care must be taken to comply with
federal, state, and local laws.
Venturers may participate in all
activities
previously listed for Cub Scouts and Boy Scouts and may participate in
activities listed below:
- Handgun use is limited to the
Venturing program.
- All pistol shooting activities
must be supervised by a currently NRA -certified Pistol Instructor and
when on the range, must be supervised by a currently NRA-certified
Range Safety Officer.
- When on the range, there must be
a ratio of no more than three shooters per adult coach or instructor.
The adult coaches or instructors must be close to the shooters for
close supervision. The adult coaches/instructors must be supervised by
the Range Safety Officer.
- All participants must complete an
NRA basic pistol marksmanship course prior to range firing.
- With the approval of the local
council, handgun shooting may be conducted on BSA camp ranges, provided
the shooting is done under the supervision of a currently NRA-certified
Range Safety Officer.
- Shooting safety glasses and ear
protection must be worn on pistol ranges.
- Care must be taken to comply with
federal, state, and local laws.
- Venturers may shoot all rifles.
- All rifle shooting activities
must be supervised by a currently NRA -certified Rifle Instructor and
when on the range, must be supervised by a currently NRA-certified
Range Safety Officer.
- Shooting safety glasses and ear
protection must be worn on rifle ranges.
- Care must be taken to comply with
federal, state, and local laws.
Units are not authorized,
under any
circumstances, to use a cannon or any other large-bore artillery device.
Primary
reference: Venturing Leader Manual, No. 34655D
These 16 safety points, which embody
good judgment
and common sense, are applicable to all activities:
- 1. Qualified Supervision.
- Every BSA activity should be supervised by a conscientious
adult who understands and knowingly accepts responsibility for the
well-being and safety of the children and youth in his or her care. The
supervisor should be sufficiently trained, experienced, and skilled in
the activity to be confident of his or her ability to lead and teach
the necessary skills and to respond effectively in the event of an
emergency. Field knowledge of all applicable BSA standards and a
commitment to implement and follow BSA policy and procedures are
essential parts of the supervisor's qualifications.
- 2. Physical Fitness.
- For youth participants in any potentially strenuous
activity, the supervisor should receive a complete health history from
a health-care professional, parent, or guardian. Adult participants and
youth involved in higher-risk activities (e.g., scuba diving) may have
to undergo professional evaluation in addition to completing the health
history. The supervisor should adjust all supervision, discipline, and
protection to anticipate potential risks associated with individual
health conditions. Neither youth nor adults should participate in
activities for which they are unfit. To do so would place both the
individual and others at risk.
- 3. Buddy System.
- The long history of the "buddy system" in Scouting has
shown that it is always best to have at least one other person with you
and aware at all times of your circumstances and what you are doing in
any outdoor or strenuous activity.
- 4. Safe Area or Course.
- A key part of the supervisors' responsibility is to know
the area or course for the activity and to determine that it is
well-suited and free of hazards.
- 5. Equipment Selection
and
Maintenance.
- Most activity requires some specialized equipment. The
equipment should be selected to suit the participants and the activity
and to include appropriate safety and program features. The supervisor
should also check equipment to determine whether it is in good
condition for the activity and make sure it is kept properly maintained
while in use.
- 6. Personal Safety
Equipment.
- The supervisor must assure that every participant has and
uses the appropriate personal safety equipment. For example, activity
afloat requires that each participant properly wear a personal
flotation device (PFD); bikers, horseback riders, and whitewater
kayakers need helmets for certain activities; skaters need protective
gear; and all need to be dressed for warmth and utility as the
circumstances require.
- 7. Safety Procedures and
Policies.
- For most activities, common-sense procedures and standards
can greatly reduce any risk. These should be known and appreciated by
all participants, and the supervisor must assure compliance.
- 8. Skill Level Limits.
- Every activity has a minimum skill level, and the
supervisor must identify and recognize this level and be sure that
participants are not put at risk by attempting any activity beyond
their abilities. A good example of skill levels in Scouting is the swim
test, which defines conditions for safe swimming on the basis of
individual ability.
- 9. Weather Check.
- The risks of many outdoor activities vary substantially
with weather conditions. Potential weather hazards and the appropriate
responses should be understood and anticipated.
- 10. Planning.
- Safe activity follows a plan that has been conscientiously
developed by the experienced supervisor or other competent source. Good
planning minimizes risks and also anticipates contingencies that may
require an emergency response or a change of plan.
- 11. Communications.
- The supervisor needs to be able to communicate effectively
with participants as needed during the activity. Emergency
communications also need to be considered in advance for any
foreseeable contingencies.
- 12. Permits and Notices.
- BSA tour permits, council office registration, government
or landowner authorization, and any similar formalities are the
supervisor's responsibility when such are required. Appropriate
notification should be directed to parents, enforcement authorities,
landowners, and others as needed, before and after the activity.
- 13. First-Aid Resources.
- The supervisor should determine what first-aid supplies to
include among the activity equipment. The level of first-aid training
and skill appropriate for the activity should also be considered. An
extended trek over remote terrain obviously may require more first-aid
resources and capabilities than an afternoon activity in a local
community. Whatever is determined to be needed should be available.
- 14. Applicable Laws.
- BSA safety policies generally parallel or go beyond legal
mandates, but the supervisor should confirm and assure compliance with
all applicable regulations or statutes.
- 15. CPR Resource.
- Any strenuous activity or remote trek could present a
cardiac emergency. Aquatic programs may involve cardiopulmonary
emergencies. BSA strongly recommends that a person (preferably an
adult) trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) be part of the
leadership for any BSA program. This person should be available for
strenuous outdoor activity.
- 16. Discipline.
- No supervisor is effective if he or she cannot control the
activity and individual participants. Youth must respect their leaders
and follow their directions.
Reference:
The Sweet 16 of BSA Safety, No. 19-130
Caving can be a hazardous activity
when the proper
equipment, skills, and judgment are not used. Trips that are led by
adults inexperienced in caving and trips containing large numbers of
persons compound the hazards already inherent in the activity and
create a potentially dangerous situation.
- All caving, other than simple
novice activities,
should be limited to adults and young people 14 and older—members of
Venturing crews and older Scouts in troops, and teams. "Simple novice
activities" means commercially operated cave excursions.
- Units (teams, troops, crews) that
include cave visits in their program, whether for one trip or many,
must adhere to the two-deep leadership policy of the Boy Scouts of
America (two registered adult leaders, or one adult and a parent of a
youth member, one of whom must be 21 or older). These leaders must be
responsible, mature adults who are constantly present with the group.
One cave trip leader must be highly qualified through caving experience
and must be thoroughly versed in all established safety practices,
conservation measures, and courtesy to cave owners.
- In conformity with the BSA policy
on the use of wilderness areas, all caving groups should be limited to
8 to 10 persons and two-deep leadership as required by the Boy Scouts
of America for all trips or outings. Caving activities for larger
groups should not be conducted. Each group should be organized to
function independently, i.e., plan its own trips on different dates,
provide its own transportation and food, and function as a separate and
distinct group. The only exception to these rules may be trips to
certain commercial caves where special provisions are made to furnish
proper supervision by professional guides.
Note: Caving trips have been incorporated in the
BSA "Policy on Use of Wilderness Areas by Personnel of the BSA," with a
cross reference to these guidelines. Copies of the wilderness area
policy statement are available from High Adventure Programs, Boy Scouts
of America, 1325 West Walnut Hill Lane, Irving, Texas 75015-2079.
- Any Venturing crew wishing to
learn about cave rescue work or pursue that activity as a specialty
must do so under the sponsorship and supervision of an adult cave
rescue group affiliated with the National Speleological Society.
- All Scout groups are required to
have an approved tour permit for trips of all kinds. Cave activities
are included under that plan. National tour permits are required for a
trip of 500 miles or more; local permits are issued to cover shorter
trips.
- The leaders and the individual
members of the group must understand these basic practices and policies
of caving, which are approved by the Boy Scouts of America and the
National Speleological Society. In addition to understanding these
tenets, every participant in a caving trip must agree, without
reservation, to follow all of the specific guidelines contained in
BSA's Caving publication, No. 19-102A.
-
- Any cave trip must include a fully
qualified leader or adult assistants qualified to handle all problems
that might arise. These leaders should have had experience as active
participants in a competent caving group. They must realistically
evaluate their own knowledge and experience and must never attempt to
lead their group into a situation that is beyond their capability or
the capability of any member of the group. The overall capability and
pace of a caving group is always that of the least able member of that
group, and no member of the group should ever be encouraged or
permitted to attempt a potentially dangerous act that is beyond their
ability solely because the remainder of the group has the necessary
ability.
- The leaders must thoroughly
comprehend that overwhelming difficulties may easily result from the
problems of fatigue, improper or faulty equipment, emotional problems,
physical limitations, or excessive eagerness or exuberance in members
of the group. Additionally, they must realize that all of these
individual problems are often interrelated and that the occurrence of
any one of them can easily create a situation that will lead to or
accentuate any or all of the others.
- The leaders must constantly
remember that any obstacle overcome on the way into the cave will also
have to be overcome on the way out, when the group is tired, when the
initial enthusiasm of some of the group may have decreased, and when
their alertness and physical abilities, as well of those of their
group, is at the lowest.
- The leaders must have adequate
first aid training and ability, and a comprehensive knowledge of the
practices to follow in the event of an accident.
- The leaders must keep their group
together at all times.
- All basic equipment such as
clothing, shoes, lights, and spare parts for the lights, hard hats, and
food should be appropriate for the cave being visited. It is the
responsibility of the leader to ensure that all equipment is adequate
and in good condition.
- The equipment and spares must
never be makeshift or of questionable dependability. The highest
standards developed by experienced cavers are to be met in all
categories of equipment.
- The use and repair of each item
must be understood and demonstrated by all of the party before entering
the cave.
- Under no conditions should any
member of the group be permitted to enter the cave if they do not have
all of the required equipment in their possession. The sharing of any
equipment, such as lights, between individuals must be prohibited.
- Except for groups composed
entirely of experienced cavers, the cave to be visited must not require
the use of ropes, ladders, or other climbing devices. The safe use of
these aids requires extensive initial training and practice under
controlled conditions above ground, never in a cave.
- Natural and fabricated hazards
such as mud slopes, loose rocks, pits, deep water, complex routes, old
ropes, wooden ladders, and the possibility of flooding are all dangers
to some degree and must be approached with care and judgment. If it
appears that an accident may still occur in spite of preventive
measures, that area must be avoided entirely.
- The strength, endurance, and
specific abilities of every member of the group must be evaluated in
advance and nothing attempted that exceeds anyone's limitations.
Climbing, crawling, and route finding are not necessarily inborn
skills, and should be taught and tested before a cave trip is
undertaken.
- Not only the leaders, but every
person on a cave trip should be aware of the necessity to constantly
observe the whereabouts and potential problems of other members of the
group and be ready to provide any assistance necessary.
- Running, jumping, horseplay, and
solo exploration must be prohibited—such foolhardy actions jeopardize
not only the individual but also the entire group.
- Caves are often cold and damp, and
hypothermia is a danger, especially on long trips or trips requiring
wading or crawling in water. Try to dress for conditions to be met,
stay as dry as possible. Leave the cave immediately if any member of
the group shows signs of hypothermia such as uncontrollable shivering,
slurred speech, or loss of coordination.
- Specific information about the
caving trip must be left with a responsible person back home at time of
departure. This should include location and length of time of trip,
expected time of return, list of participants, and whom to contact for
each trip member in case of emergency.
- A record of every cave trip will
provide valuable assistance to new leaders and cavers alike. Full
records of all caving accidents will provide the basis for a guide to
the development of a safe caving program. A complete report of any
accident, regardless of severity, should be sent to the Safety
Committee of the National Speleological Society, Cave Avenue,
Huntsville, AL 35810. Serious accidents should also be reported to the
director of Health and Safety Service of the Boy Scouts of America.
Resource:
Caving, No. 19-102B
If Scouts and Venturers practice
defensive judo,
Tai Chi, or aikido, it should be done with proper mats and with
qualified instructors related to YMCAs, colleges, or athletic clubs
whose objectives and coaching methods are compatible with the
principles of the Boy Scouts of America.
Reference:
Health and Safety Guide, No. 34415
- 1. Qualified Supervision
- All climbing and rappelling must be supervised by a mature,
conscientious adult at least 21 years of age who understands the risks
inherent to these activities. This person knowingly accepts
responsibility for the well-being and safety of the youth in his or her
care. This adult supervisor is trained in and committed to compliance
with the eight points of the Boy Scouts of America's Climb On Safely
procedure. One additional adult who is at least 18 years of age must
also accompany the unit. Units with more than 10 youths in the same
climbing/rappelling session must have an additional adult leader at
least 18 years of age for each 10 additional youth participants. In
other words, a group of 11 to 20 youths requires at least three adult
leaders; a group of 21 to 30 youths would require four adult leaders,
and so on.
- The adult supervisor is responsible for ensuring that
someone in the group is currently trained in American Red Cross
Standard First Aid and CPR (a 61/2-hour course). In addition, the
two-hour module "First Aid—When Help Is Delayed" is recommended. A
course of equivalent length and content from another nationally
recognized organization can be substituted. A higher level of
certification such as emergency medical technician (EMT), licensed
practical nurse (LPN), registered nurse (RN), and licensed health-care
practitioner is also acceptable. The ARC's Emergency Response, a
431/2-hour course that includes CPR, is highly recommended.
- 2. Qualified Instructors
- A qualified rock climbing instructor who is at least 21
years of age must supervise all BSA climbing/rappelling activities. A
currently trained BSA climbing director or instructor is highly
recommended. Contact your local council or regional service center to
locate a qualified individual. The climbing instructor has successfully
completed a minimum of 10 hours of instructor training for
climbing/rappelling from a nationally or regionally recognized
organization, a climbing school, a college-level climbing/rappelling
course, or is a qualified BSA climbing instructor.
- The BSA offers a section of National Camping School for
climbing directors who in turn can train climbing instructors. Every
instructor must have prior experiences in teaching climbing/rappelling
to youth and must agree to adhere to Climb On Safely and the guidelines
set in Topping Out.
- Note: Any adult Scouter who successfully
completes training in Climb On Safely is entitled to wear the temporary
patch, No. 8631. A Climb On Safely Training Outline, No. 20-101, is
available from your local council service center.
- 3. Physical Fitness
- Require evidence of fitness for the climbing/rappelling
activity with at least a current BSA Personal Health and Medical
Record—Class 1, No. 34414A. The adult supervisor should adapt all
supervision, discipline, and precautions to anticipate any potential
risks associated with individual health conditions. If a significant
health condition is present, an examination by a licensed health-care
practitioner should be required by the adult supervisor before
permitting participation in climbing or rappelling. The adult
supervisor should inform the climbing instructor about each
participant's medical conditions.
- 4. Safe Area
- All BSA climbing/rappelling activities must be conducted
using an established climbing/rappelling site or facility, including a
portable or commercial facility. A qualified climbing instructor should
survey the site in advance of the activity to identify and evaluate
possible hazards and to determine whether the site is suitable for the
age, maturity, and skill level of the participants. The instructor
should also verify that the site is sufficient to safely and
comfortably accommodate the number of participants in the activity
within the available time. An emergency evacuation route must be
identified in advance.
- 5. Equipment
- The climbing instructor should verify that the proper
equipment is available for the size and ability level of participants.
Helmets, rope, and climbing hardware must be approved by the UIAA
(Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme), CE (European
Community Norm), or meet ASTM (American Society for Testing and
Materials) standards. All equipment must be acquired new or furnished
by the instructor.
- An approved climbing helmet must be worn during all BSA
climbing/rappelling activities when the participant's feet are more
than shoulder height above ground level. When using a commercial
climbing gym, the climbing facility's procedures apply.
- 6. Planning
- When planning, remember the following:
- Obtain written parental consent to participate in
climbing/rappelling activities for each participant.
- In the event of severe weather or other problems, share
the climbing/rappelling plan and an alternate with parents and the unit
committee.
- Secure the necessary permits or written permission for
using private or public lands.
- Enlist the help of a qualified climbing instructor.
- Be sure the instructor has a map for the area being
used and obtains a current weather report for the area before the
group's departure.
- It is suggested that at least one of the adult leaders has
an electronic means of communication in case of an emergency.
- Before any activity, an adult leader should develop and
share an emergency plan that includes the location of a nearby medical
facility and the means of communicating with parents during the outing.
- 7. Environmental
Conditions
- The instructor, each adult leader, and each participant
assumes responsibility for monitoring potentially dangerous
environmental conditions that may include loose, crumbly rock;
poisonous plants; wildlife; and inclement weather. Use the buddy system
to monitor concerns such as dehydration, hypothermia, and an unusually
high degree of fear or apprehension. The adult supervisor is
responsible for ensuring that the group leaves no trace of its presence
at the site. See the Principles of Leave No Trace,
No. 21-105.
- 8. Discipline
- Each participant knows, understands, and respects the rules
and procedures for safely climbing and rappelling and has been oriented
in Climb On Safely and Leave No Trace. All BSA members should respect
and follow all instructions and rules of the climbing instructor. The
applicable rules should be presented and learned prior to the outing
and should be reviewed for all participants before climbing or
rappelling begins. When participants know the reasons for rules and
procedures, they are more likely to follow them. The climbing
instructor must be strict and fair, showing no favoritism.
References:
Climb on Safely, No. 20-099 and
Topping Out: A BSA Climbing/Rappelling Manual, No.
32007
Project COPE (Challenging Outdoor
Personal
Experience) low and high course elements are intended to be used in
conjunction with a council activity that meets the current Project COPE
National Standards, No. 20-172. Units may participate in
age-appropriate initiative games, but under no circumstances should
attempt to construct low- or high-course elements.
The following activities have been
declared
unauthorized and restricted by the Boy Scouts of America:
Carbon tetrachloride must
never be used in
any way in the Scouting program. Even in small quantities,
this poison has proved to be so deadly that it must be ruled out as a
cleaning fluid, a fire extinguisher, a poison for insect killing, and a
watermark detector for stamp collecting.
Reference:
Health and Safety Guide, No. 34415
A sharp pocketknife with a can opener
on it is an
invaluable backcountry tool. Keep it clean, sharp, and handy. Avoid
large sheath knives. They are heavy and awkward to carry, and
unnecessary for most camp chores except for cleaning fish. Since its
inception, Boy Scouting has relied heavily on an outdoor program to
achieve its objectives. This program meets more of the purposes of
Scouting than any other single feature. We believe we have a duty to
instill in our members, youth and adult, the knowledge of how to use,
handle, and store legally owned knives with the highest concern for
safety and responsibility.
Remember—knives are not allowed on
school premises,
nor can they be taken aboard commercial aircraft.
References:
Boy Scout Handbook, Fieldbook, Bear Cub Scout Book, and Wolf Cub Scout
Book
When constructing monkey bridges,
observe the
following safety rules:
- Always follow the steps for
constructing monkey
bridges outlined in the Pioneering merit badge
pamphlet.
- Before beginning the project,
inspect your rope, looking at both the inside fibers and inner strands.
Know the size and strength of the type of rope you are using, and its
safe working load.
- Monkey bridges should not be
constructed higher than 5 feet above flat-surfaced ground nor longer
than 40 feet. Initially, beginners should not span more than 25 feet.
- Know the effect the knots will
have in reducing rope strength and the proper care that rope requires.
- Rope, especially rope carrying a
load, should be checked each day before using. Rope carrying a load and
left in place tends to become slack from fatigue and will break under
stress. Tighten rope as necessary to maintain the integrity of the
original construction.
- Exercise special care when members
of the public are allowed to use these monkey bridges. Establish
controls when monkey bridges are constructed outside the camp
environment. Station Scouts at each end to control access to the
bridge. Allow only one adult at a time on the bridge. Never allow
unaccompanied children on the bridge. Shut down the bridge when any
repairs are being made and do not reopen until the adult leader has
approved the repairs.
- Any activity on rope swings,
monkey bridges, slide-for-life, or similar devices that are located
over water must comply with Safe Swim Defense.
-
Reference:
Pioneering merit badge pamphlet
The BSA rule prohibiting the
transportation of
passengers in the backs of trucks or on trailers may be tempered for
parade floats or hayrides, provided that the following points are
strictly followed to prevent injuries:
- Transportation to and from the
parade or hayride
site is not allowed on the truck or trailer.
- Those persons riding, whether
seated or standing, must be able to hold on to something stationary.
- Legs should not hang over the
side.
- Flashing lights must illuminate a
vehicle used for a hayride after dark, or the vehicle must be followed
by a vehicle with flashing lights.
Reference:
Health and Safety Guide, No. 34415
Include these safety considerations
when planning a
unit fund-raiser:
- Money-earning projects should be
suited to the ages
and abilities of youth participants.
- Proper adult supervision should be
provided.
- Youth should engage in
money-earning projects only in neighborhoods that are safe and familiar
and should use the buddy system.
- Leaders must train youth members
to never enter the home of a stranger and to know whom to contact in
case of an emergency.
- Youth participants should be
familiar with safe pedestrian practices and participate during daylight
hours only.
- Compliance requirements:
- Check local statutes regarding
solicitation rules and permits.
- A Unit Fund-raising Permit must be
obtained from the local council service center.
- All farm-class tractors used by BSA members or employees in
conjunction with any BSA activity or on BSA property must be equipped
with seat belts and rollover protection (rollbars, reinforced cab, or
equivalent protection). If the tractor does not have this equipment,
refer to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
regulations for interim compliance requirements. As of January 1, 1993,
the use of any farm-class tractor not equipped with seat belts and
rollover protection is unauthorized.
- No BSA member or employee may operate a farm-class tractor
in conjunction with any BSA activity or on BSA property unless such
member or employee is at least 18 years of age and has completed BSA
National Camping School ranger certification, or has been specifically
trained in operations and safety procedures for tractors and their
attached implements by a currently certified ranger, and is directly
supervised by a currently certified ranger.
The following guidelines and
procedures apply to
all BSA units, councils, and national program activities involving
bicycling.
- 1. Qualified Supervision
- All unit, district, council, and national event activities
must be supervised by a mature and conscientious adult at least age 21
who understands and knowingly accepts responsibility for the safety of
children in his or her care, who is experienced with the skills and
equipment involved in the activity, and who is committed to compliance
with these BSA safety guidelines.
- 2. Physical Fitness
- Biking is strenuous. Long treks and hill climbing should
not be attempted without training and preparation. For Scouting
activities, all participants must present evidence of fitness assured
by a complete health history from a physician, parent, or legal
guardian. The adult supervisor should adjust all supervision,
discipline, and protection to anticipate any potential risks associated
with individual health conditions. In the event of any significant
health conditions, proof of an examination by a physician should be
required by the adult leader.
- 3. Helmets and Clothing
- All cyclists must wear a properly sized and fitted helmet
approved by either the Snell Memorial Foundation or the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards. Layer your clothing for
warmth on cool days so you can avoid chilling or overheating. Cover up
for sun protection on clear days.
- 4. Buddy-Up
- When the program activity is a bicycle expedition or trek,
the buddy system must be used. When there is program activity
emphasizing individual performance skills, one buddy observes while the
other takes his turn. In competitive activity where the buddy concept
cannot be practically applied, all activity must be directly observed
by the adult supervisor. (Youth members should be taught that biking
with a buddy is best. When biking alone, apart from Scouting
activities, youth members should be encouraged to tell someone their
route, schedule, and destination before departing.)
- 5. Keep Right
- Ride with the traffic flow, as far to the right as
possible. Avoid curbs, storm drains, soft or loose gravel on shoulders,
and other hazards.
- 6. Be Smart
- Obey all traffic laws, signs, signals, and street markings.
Watch for changes in road conditions. Ride only one to a bike. Do not
ride after dark. No stunts—trick riding is only for professionals who
use special equipment. Yield to motor vehicles even if you think you
have the right-of-way. Never hitch a ride on another vehicle. Keep your
head and ears open and do not wear headphones while riding.
- 7. Turns and Intersections
- Look left, right, back, and ahead before turning. Stop and
search all directions when entering a street from a driveway, parking
area, sidewalk, or an alley. Signal all turns using universal hand
signals. Walk your bike through or across busy intersections.
- 8. Right Bike
- Ride only a bike that fits you. Select a bike that permits
you to put both feet on the ground while sitting on the seat. The
handgrips should be no higher than your shoulder or lower than your
seat.
- 9. Accessories
- Every bike needs a horn or bell and reflectors (front,
back, and sides). Items should be carried only in baskets, saddlebags,
or on a rear carrier rack. If you must ride in traffic, a bike- or
helmet-mounted mirror is recommended. For long trips, a bike-mounted
container for drinking water is recommended.
- 10. Maintenance
- Keep your bike clean and well-maintained—especially the
brakes and drive chain.
- 11. Race Right
- Open street racing is dangerous. Race only with supervision
on marked courses that have been set up to exclude other vehicle or
pedestrian traffic, to eliminate fall hazards and minimize collision
risks, and to define clearly "start" and "finish" points.
- 12. Planning
- Plan both the route and timing of bike trips to avoid heavy
traffic and hazardous conditions. Biking is unsafe on wet pavement and
on windy days. Plan for at least hourly rest stops and a maximum of
approximately six hours on the bike per day.
- 13. Discipline
- All participants should know, understand, and follow the
rules and procedures for safe biking, and all participants should
conscientiously and carefully follow all directions from the adult
supervisor.
Skateboarding and roller-skating
(including in-line
skating) present safety concerns, primarily risks of falls and
collisions. Recent data show that injuries are largely the results of
collisions—especially with moving vehicles. These guidelines emphasize
prevention, and are meant to cover all BSA skating programs. Cub
Scouts, Boy Scouts, and Venturers should always practice safety and
courtesy and obey all local or rink rules.
- BSA skating at any level shall be
supervised by an
adult at least 21 years of age, experienced in the use of skates and
skateboards, willing to conscientiously accept responsibility for the
safety of all participants, and committed to compliance with BSA safety
guidelines and local laws.
- In-line skating, hockey, racing,
or similar activities are to be held only in areas free of pedestrian
and vehicular traffic, and hazardous fixed objects. No skating activity
is authorized on streets that have not been blocked off to traffic.
- Pathways and skating surfaces must
be free of defects or features unsuited to skating. Evaluation of the
area by the supervisor should precede any BSA activities.
- Before permitting equipment to be
used in a BSA activity, the supervisor should determine that all skates
and skateboards are well maintained and in good repair consistent with
the manufacturer's recommendations. Actual maintenance and repair are
the responsibility of the owner.
- For all street or pavement skating
activities, participants should wear properly fitted helmets that meet
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards; padded gloves;
wrist supports; and elbow and knee pads. No street or pavement skating
is authorized without helmets.
- Skaters must NEVER "hitch a ride"
on any vehicle.
- Parents or legal guardians must be
informed and must consent to youth participation in a BSA skating
activity.
- The adult supervisor must be sure
that all participants understand and agree that skating is allowed only
with proper supervision and in compliance with the safety guidelines.
Youth members should respect and follow all directions and rules of the
adult supervisor. When people know the reasons for rules and
procedures, they are more likely to follow them. Supervisors should be
strict and fair, showing no favoritism.
Reference:
Health and Safety Guide, No. 34415
Horsemanship activities in Scouting
include merit
badge activities, arena rides, multi-day trips (including treks and
cavalcades), and Cub Scouting familiarization rides.
Each sponsoring council should take
care to design
age- and activity-appropriate procedures and guidelines for each
particular equine activity. It is not possible or appropriate to
dictate each aspect of every program.
Requirements must also be met if the
horseback
riding program is provided by or at an off-site facility. The council
must enter a contractual agreement as outlined in the resident camp
standards.
Horseback riding activities are
limited to Wolf Cub
Scouts and older members.
Reference:
Health and Safety Guide, No. 34415
Periodically, once or twice
a year, the
unit meeting place should be inspected for health and safety hazards.
The Meeting Place Inspection checklist is included in the appendix.
References:
Troop Committee Guidebook, No. 34505, and Cub
Scout Leader Book, No. 33221
Motor vehicles transporting
passengers or carrying
equipment should meet state inspection standards, if applicable, or use
the vehicle checklist included in the appendix as a guide.
References:
Camp Health and Safety, No.19-308, and Tours and Expeditions,
No. 33737
Essentially, three occasions in unit
camping
require inspection: (1) after camp is set up, (2) after camp is taken
down, and (3) periodically between. Your main interest in these
inspections is to ensure a safe, livable camp and an unblemished site
after you leave.
References:
Camp Health and Safety, No.19-308, and Scoutmaster Handbook,
No. 33009
Upon request, the U.S. Coast Guard
Auxiliary will
conduct a Courtesy Marine Examination of any craft over 16 feet in
length. The officer will analyze the vessel and advise you of any
deficiencies within state or federal regulations.
References:
Handbook for Skippers and Safe Boating
Instructor's Guide
It is recommended that all members of
the Boy
Scouts of America have periodic medical evaluations by a licensed
health-care practitioner. *In recent years, in an effort to provide
better care to those who may become ill or injured and to provide youth
members and adult leaders a better understanding of their physical
capabilities, the Boy Scouts of America established minimum
standards for providing medical information prior to participating in
various activities. They are classified as follows:
- Class 1:
- Includes any event that does not exceed 72
consecutive hours, where the level of activity is similar to
that normally expended at home or at school, and where medical care is
readily available. Examples: day camp, day hike, swimming party, or an
overnight camp. Medical information required is a current
health history signed by parents or guardian. The Class I
Personal Health and Medical History found on form No. 34414A (Personal
Health and Medical Record) meets this requirement. Den leaders,
Scoutmasters, team coaches, and crew Advisors should review these and
become knowledgeable about the medical needs of the youth members in
their unit. Forms must be updated annually. They are filled out by
participants and kept on file for easy reference.
- Class 2:
- Includes any event that exceeds 72 consecutive
hours, where the level of activity is similar to that
normally expended at home or at school, and where medical care is
readily available. Examples: resident camping, tour camping, and hiking
in relatively populated areas. Medical data required is an
annual health history signed by parents or guardian supported by a
medical evaluation completed within the past 36 months by a licensed
health-care practitioner. The Personal Health and Medical
Record--Class 2, on No. 34414A, is designed primarily for resident Cub
Scout and Boy Scout summer camp but could be used for any Class 2
activity. Youth members and adult participants under 40 years of age
use this form. (See Camp Health and Safety for additional information
on Class 2 application.)
- Class 3:
- Includes any event involving strenuous activity such as
backpacking, high altitude, extreme weather conditions, cold water,
exposure, fatigue, athletic competition, adventure challenge, or remote
conditions where readily available medical care cannot be assured.
Examples: high-adventure activities, jamborees, Wood Badge, and
extended backpacking trips in remote areas. Medical information
required includes current health history supported by a
medical evaluation within the past 12 months performed by a licensed
health-care practitioner. Form 34412A is to be used by youth
for Class 3 activities. Adults age 40 or older will use this form for
Class 2 and Class 3 activities. See form No. 34414A, Personal Health
and Medical Record, for more information.
* Examinations conducted by licensed
health-care
practitioners, other than physicians, will be recognized for BSA
purposes in those states where such practitioners may perform physical
examinations within their legally prescribed scope of practice.
High-Adventure Medical Forms.
Philmont Scout Ranch and Florida Sea Base require the use of their
special medical form by all youth and adults because of the strenuous
nature of the activities taking place there.
It is recommended that unit leaders
have a complete
medical history and permission slip for every participant attending
each Scouting activity. The medical history form and permission slip,
in most cases, will allow emergency medical treatment to a youth member
in case of injury or illness when a parent or guardian cannot be
contacted.
Verification of the following
protections is
strongly recommended before participation in activities conducted by
the Boy Scouts of America:
- Tetanus and diphtheria toxoid
within the past 10
years
- Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
since first birthday
- Trivalent oral polio vaccine
(TOPV); four doses since birth
Reference:
Health and Safety Guide, No. 34415
Local Scouting units and their
chartered
organizations traditionally determine their own membership, absent any
legal constraints. Accordingly, units and sponsoring institutions
should determine the feasibility or desirability of allowing youth or
adult members who have or are suspected of having a life-threatening
communicable disease to participate in Scouting activities. A youth
member who is unable to attend meetings may continue to pursue Scouting
through the Lone Scout program.
Reference:
Health and Safety Guide, No. 34415
The American Academy of Dermatology
advises the
following protection tips against damaging rays:
Reference:
American Association of Dermatology
The following is the policy of the
Boy Scouts of
America regarding medical requirements:
- Medical examinations for camp attendance are required of
all campers for the protection of the entire camp group. The
immunization requirement is waived for persons with religious beliefs
against immunization.
- All Scouts and Scout leaders need to learn first aid, not
for their own use, but for service to others who may require it. A
Scout or leader may ask to be excused from first-aid instruction, but
no advancement requirement will be waived except as indicated.
- Requirements 1 and 5 for the Personal Fitness
merit badge call for examinations by a physician and a dentist with
appropriate follow-up recommendations. This may be set aside on
presentation of a certificate by the Scout's parents and a proper
church official that a definite violation of religious conviction is
involved.
The taking of prescription medication
is the
responsibility of the individual taking the medication and/or that
individual's parent or guardian. A Scout leader, after obtaining all
the necessary information, can agree to accept the responsibility of
making sure a Scout takes the necessary medication at the appropriate
time, but BSA does not mandate nor necessarily encourage the Scout
leader to do so. Also, if your state laws are more limiting, they must
be followed.
References:
Health and Safety Guide, No. 34115, and Camp Health
Officer Training, No. 19-141
Established public carriers—trains,
buses, and
commercial airlines—are the safest and most comfortable way for groups
to travel. Chartered buses usually are the most economical
transportation for groups of 20 or more. It may be necessary for small
groups to travel in private automobiles; however, the use of chartered
equipment from established rail, bus, and airline companies is strongly
recommended. The advantages are many. These companies have excellent
safety records because of their periodic inspections and approved
health and safety procedures.
References:
Cub Scout Leader Book, Scoutmaster Handbook, Troop Committee
Guidebook, Exploring Reference Book, and Tours and
Expeditions
ATTENTION BSA DRIVERS:
DON'T ENTER THE RISK ZONE
BE AWARE OF KILLER FATIGUE. |
It is essential that adequate, safe,
and
responsible transportation be used for all Scouting activities. Because
most accidents occur within a short distance from home, safety
precautions are necessary, even on short trips.
General guidelines are as follows:
- Seat belts are required for all occupants.
- All drivers must have a valid driver's license that has not
been suspended or revoked for any reason. If the vehicle to be used is
designed to carry more than 15 persons, including the driver (more than
10 persons, including the driver, in California), the driver must have
a commercial driver's license (CDL).
- An adult leader (at least 21 years of age) must be in
charge and accompany the group.
- The driver must be currently licensed and at least 18 years
of age. Youth member exception: When traveling to and from an area,
regional, or national Boy Scout activity or any Venturing event under
the leadership of an adult (at least 21 years of age) tour leader, a
youth member at least 16 years of age may be a driver, subject to the
following conditions:
- Six months' driving experience as a licensed driver (time
on a learner's permit or equivalent is not to be counted)
- No record of accidents or moving violations
- Parental permission granted to the leader, driver, and
riders
- Passenger cars or station wagons may be used for
transporting passengers, but passengers should not ride on the rear
deck of station wagons.
- Trucks may not be used for transporting passengers except
in the cab.
- All driving, except short trips, should be done in
daylight.
- All vehicles must be covered by automobile liability
insurance with limits that meet or exceed requirements of the state in
which the vehicle is licensed. It is recommended that coverage limits
are at least $50,000/$100,000/$50,000. Any vehicle designed to carry 10
or more passengers is required to have limits of
$100,000/$500,000/$100,000.
- Do not exceed the speed limit.
- Do not travel in convoy (see "Leadership Requirements for
Trips and Outings," No. 2).
- Driving time is limited to a maximum of 10 hours and must
be interrupted by frequent rest, food, and recreation stops. If there
is only one driver, the driving time should be reduced and stops should
be made more frequently.
Don't drive drowsy. Stop for
rest and
stretch breaks as needed. Fatigue is a major cause of highway accident
fatalities.
Reference:
Tours and Expeditions, No. 33737
Trucks are designed and constructed
to transport
materials and equipment, not people. Under no circumstances
are youth to be carried in the bed of or towed behind a pickup truck.
The beds of trucks or trailers must never be used for carrying youth.
Tour permits will not be issued for any trip that involves carrying
youth in a truck except in the cab. This includes vehicles converted
for that use unless they are licensed as buses and meet all
requirements for buses.
Use caution in towing trailers or
campers, as a
vehicle's performance, steering, and braking abilities will be altered.
Consider these safety tips:
- Get the correct trailer for the
car and the correct
hitch for the trailer. Distribute and anchor the load.
- Allow extra time to brake.
Changing lanes while braking can jackknife the trailer.
- Add safety equipment as dictated
by common sense and state laws (mirrors, lights, safety chains, brakes
for heavy trailers, etc.).
- Park in designated areas.
Reference:
Tours and Expeditions, No. 33737
A driver of a bus or any
vehicle designed
to carry more than 15 persons (including driver) is required to have a
commercial driver's license. Possession of a license,
however, does not mean that a person is capable of driving a bus
safely. It is essential that unit leaders and volunteers be thoroughly
familiar with the bus they will be driving, including knowing the
location of emergency exits and fire extinguishers and how to operate
them. A driver must be prepared to handle and brake a full bus, which
weighs significantly more than an empty bus. Other safety tips are:
- Regular and thorough maintenance
program
- No more passengers than there are
seating locations
- Luggage and equipment fastened
securely to prevent being thrown around in case of sudden stop
- Emergency exits clear of people or
things
- Pretrip inspection of critical
systems (signals, fuel, tires, windshield wipers, horn, etc.)
The safety rules for automobiles
apply to bus
travel, with the exception of seat belts. In special cases, chartered
buses may travel more than nine hours a day. On certain occasions,
night travel by public carrier bus is appropriate—it should be
considered permissible when conditions are such that rest and sleep for
passengers are possible with a reasonable degree of comfort. However,
night travel on buses should not be planned for two successive nights.
Observe these safety guidelines for
train travel:
- Don't lean out of windows or
doors.
- When changing trains, don't cross
railroad tracks without permission.
- Stay out of vestibules. Keep the
railroad car door closed.
- In case of illness or accident,
see a train official who can arrange for medical help.
- On overnight trips, one leader
should be on watch duty at all times.
References:
Tours and Expeditions, No. 33737, and Scoutmaster
Handbook, No. 33009
In national parks and some other
areas of the
country, special boat and canoe regulations are in force, and special
boat permits are required for cruising or recreation. Follow these
safety precautions:
- All tour leaders must
have current
training in the BSA Safety Afloat program (see Chapter II, "Aquatics
Safety").
- U.S. Coast Guard
recommends and BSA regulations require that an approved USCG personal
flotation device (PFD) be worn by each participant using watercraft in
an aquatics activity. Types II and III are recommended for Scout
activity afloat.
A capsized boat is never anticipated, so always be prepared. Be sure
each individual wears a PFD.
- Rowboats or canoes
carrying passengers should not be towed behind motorboats or sailboats.
- Use of canoes should be
restricted to swimmers who have satisfactorily demonstrated their
ability in launching, landing, and paddling a canoe and in handling a
swamped canoe. Canoeists should be taught the proper procedure for
staying afloat if the canoe capsizes or is swamped.
- Small boats, whether
under sail or power, used for pleasure or ferry purposes, must have a
minimum capacity of 10 cubic feet per person. Boats propelled by hand
power—such as rowboats—and used for pleasure purposes only must provide
a minimum of 7 cubic feet per person. (Lifeboats on passenger-carrying
vessels propelled by power must comply with the 10-cubic-foot law.)
- Provision also should be
made by all boats under sail or power for a sufficient quantity or
supply of oars and rowlocks or paddles to be used in case of emergency.
Fire-fighting equipment and lights must also be carried aboard.
- Bilges of
gasoline-powered boats should be kept free from gasoline and oil at all
times. Thorough ventilation, either natural or by blower, is necessary
to dispel gasoline vapor.
- Motorized personal
watercraft, such as Jet-Skis(R), are not authorized for use in Scouting
activities, and their use should not be permitted in or near BSA
program areas.
- To prevent ignition by
static electricity during refueling, establish complete metallic
contact between the nozzle of the filling hose and the tank opening or
filling pipe, and maintain contact until gasoline has ceased to flow.
If a funnel is used, establish contact with the funnel and the opening
in the tank. All passengers should be ashore during refueling.
For regulations that govern cruises by private powerboat or sailboat,
refer to Motorboat Regulations, published by the U.S. Coast Guard.
Primary
references: Tours and Expeditions, No. 33737
Air travel is subject to the
following rules:
- On any flight scheduled
by a commercial
airline.
- The BSA Flying Permit,
(see sample in appendix), is required for all BSA flying activities
except for commercial flights. The local council
reviews and approves the flight permit just as it would a tour permit.
The Parent/Guardian Consent Form is also required.
Units should attach the signed consent forms to the BSA Flying Permit
Application and keep a copy of the signed consent forms in their files.
- Flying in hang gliders,
ultralights, experimental class aircraft, and hot-air balloons (whether
or not they are tethered); parachuting, and flying in aircraft as part
of a search and rescue mission are unauthorized activities.
- Airplane travelers are
cautioned about what they pack in their luggage. In flight, variations
in temperature and air pressure can cause some hazardous materials to
leak or ignite. Included in the category of hazardous materials that
should not be packed in luggage are matches or lighters; flammable
liquids and gases; signal flares and other explosives; bleaches,
aerosols, mercury, and solvents containing dangerous chemicals that can
cause toxic fumes and corrosion.
If a unit plans a trip
within 500 miles of
the home base, it is important that the unit obtain a local tour
permit. A national tour permit is required for trips in excess of 500
miles from home or outside the continental United States. (See samples
of both in the appendix.)
Tour permits have become recognized
by national
parks, military institutions, and other organizations as proof that a
unit activity has been well planned and organized and is under capable
and qualified leadership. These organizations may require the tour
permit for entry.
Most short, in-town den
trips of a few
hours do not require a tour permit; however, it is recommended that
dens obtain permission slips from parents.
The following questions and answers
may help you
understand how Scouting drivers fall into a category of private motor
carriers that are subject to the commercial driver's license (CDL)
rules:
- What is a "private motor
carrier of
passengers"?
A private motor carrier of passengers does not offer transportation
services for hire but (a) transports passengers in interstate (some
state regulations apply to intrastate) commerce, and (b) uses a vehicle
designed to carry more than 15 passengers, which includes the driver,
or a vehicle that has a gross vehicular weight greater than 10,000
pounds.
- What are some examples of
usage of a private motor carrier of passengers in Scouting?
Neither of these examples would be
considered a private motor carrier of passengers if the transportation
were extended beyond Scouting participants to the general public,
because in that case it is considered transportation for hire and is
subject to federal motor carrier safety regulations.
- Scouting units that use vehicles
designed to carry more than 15 passengers, such as buses, is one
example. The driver in this case is often a volunteer driver of a
"Scout bus" that is owned or leased. This category is referred to as nonbusiness
private motor carrier of passengers and is probably the most
frequent Scouting usage subject to the rule.
- Councils that operate camps and
include transportation fees in their program are subject to the rule
when using buses or other vehicles designed to carry more than 15
passengers or that have a gross vehicular weight of more than 10,000
pounds.
- What about Scouting use
of school buses?
In most states, Scouting units or councils that contract with schools
to use buses fall into the for-hire category, and the school is subject
to the federal safety regulations. Since public school transportation
vehicles are not subject to CDL rules when transporting students, the
school may not realize that the for-hire regulations apply. The
consequence could have a ruinous effect on a planned Scouting activity.
- How will the rule be
enforced?
The primary enforcement activity of both categories, business and
nonbusiness, is the driver/vehicle inspection. Inspections can be
performed anywhere on the road or at destination points such as parks,
sporting complexes, etc. Only the business category is subject to
compliance reviews and record keeping, but if serious safety problems
are identified in either category of vehicle usage, the operation of
the vehicle is subject to being discontinued.
- Are Scouting operations
subject to the drug and alcohol testing portion of the rule?
As of January 1, 1996, all operators of vehicles who are required to
have a commercial driver's license are subject to drug and alcohol
testing. There are no exemptions for the nonbusiness private
motor carrier of passengers category, which includes Scouting
volunteer drivers. Local councils should establish guidelines for
volunteer drivers based on the requirements of the state where located.
- How do Scouting officials obtain the Department of
Transportation identification number required for all vehicles that are
subject to the CDL rule?
The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration "strongly encourages"
that registration for a DOT number be completed online at www.fmcsa.dot.gov,
the agency's Web site. The agency also has a printable form available
there, with instructions for submitting it. When the DOT number is
assigned, it, as well as name, city, and state, should be displayed on
the side of the vehicle. See www.fmcsa.dot.gov
for information about their Education and Technical Assistance program.
There is magic to camping in winter.
It is one of
the most advanced and challenging of outdoor adventures. Special
considerations for winter camping include the following:
- 1. Leadership.
- In no other camp is the type of leadership as important as
in the winter camp. It is vital that a leader be an experienced camper
with a strong character.
- 2. Equipment.
- Do not attempt to camp unless completely outfitted. Even if
equipment for winter camp is more expensive than for summer camp,
Scouts must be adequately clothed, and leaders should ensure that
blankets and other equipment are of suitable quality and weight.
- 3. Physical Condition.
- A physician's certificate as to physical ability must be
obtained by each Scout before preliminary training begins.
- Use the buddy system for winter
outings. Buddies
can check each other for frostbite, make sure no one becomes lost, and
boost the morale of the entire group.
- Plan to cover no more than five
miles per day on a winter trek on snowshoes. An experienced group can
cover 10 to 12 miles on cross-country skis.
- Always allow ample time to make
camp in winter, especially if you plan to build snow shelters.
- Fatigue encourages accidents. Rest
occasionally when building a snow shelter; taking part in cross-country
skiing or snowshoeing; or participating in other active winter sports.
Periodic rests also help avoid overheating.
- Pulling a load over the snow on a
sled or toboggan is generally easier than carrying it in a backpack.
- Snow is a terrific insulator. Snow
shelters are much warmer than tents because they retain heat and keep
out the cold wind. If you have adequate time for building snow
shelters, you will spend a much more comfortable night sleeping in them
than in a tent.
- Snow is the greatest thief in
winter, swallowing up small dropped items. Tie or tape a piece of
brightly colored cord to small items so they can be seen in snow. Some
items, such as mittens, can be tied to larger items, such as a parka,
to prevent them from being dropped and lost.
- Melting snow in a pot to get water
may cause the pot to burn through or may scorch the snow, giving the
water a disagreeable taste. Prevent this by adding a cup or two of
water in the bottom of the pot before putting in the snow to melt.
- Punch a hole in the top of your
ice chisel and string a stout cord through it. Before trying to chisel
a hole in ice, anchor the cord to something large or too heavy to be
pulled through the hole so you will not lose your chisel in freezing
water when the ice is penetrated.
- Always test the thickness of ice
before venturing any distance from the shore. Ice should be at least 3
inches thick for a small group; 4 inches of ice is safe for a crowd.
Since ice thickness can vary considerably, it is best to stay near the
shoreline of large lakes.
- Use alkaline batteries in
flashlights. Standard batteries deteriorate quickly in cold weather.
Tape the switch of your flashlight in the "off" position until you are
ready to use it. This will prevent it from being turned on accidentally
while in your pack or on your sled.
- Encourage everyone in your group
to wear brightly colored outer clothing so that each person will be
more visible, especially during severe weather.
- Small liquid-fuel stoves are much
better for cooking in winter than fires, which are difficult to build
with wet wood. Gathering wood that is frozen to the ground also can be
difficult, if not impossible. A pressure/pump-type stove is essential
in winter.
- Always use a funnel to refuel a
stove so you won't frostbite your fingers by accidentally pouring fuel
on them. Fuel evaporates at a high rate of speed and quickly removes
heat from anything it touches.
- Place a stove or fire on a
platform of logs or rocks so it will not melt through the snow.
- Never light or use a stove inside
a tent or snow shelter. A tent may catch fire, and vapors in a snow
shelter may lead to carbon monoxide poisoning. Neither of these
potential mishaps is worth the risk.
- A windscreen is essential for
using a stove in the winter. Even a slight breeze will direct the heat
away from its intended mark.
References:
Okpik: Cold Weather Camping, Boy Scout Handbook, Scoutmaster
Handbook, and Camping Sparklers
Beyond camping, a number of
cold-weather activities
present challenges to the Scout and leader, such as cross-country
skiing, ice skating, sledding, snowmobiling, ice fishing, and
snowshoeing. Essential ingredients for fun include skill training and
an awareness of the hazards unique to these activities. Snow
conditions, hazardous terrain, special clothing needs, and emergency
survival are important issues for a safe and successful experience.
Be sure your winter outdoor activity
always follows
these guidelines:
- All winter activities must be
supervised by mature
and conscientious adults (at least one of whom must be age 21 or older)
who understand and knowingly accept responsibility for the well-being
and safety of the youth in their care, who are experienced and
qualified in the particular skills and equipment involved in the
activity, and who are committed to compliance with the seven points of
BSA Winter Sports Safety. Direct supervision should be maintained at
all times by two or more adults when Scouts are "in the field." The
appropriate number of supervisors will increase depending on the number
of participants, the type of activity, and environmental conditions.
- Winter sports activities embody
intrinsic hazards that vary from sport to sport. Participants should be
aware of the potential hazards of any winter sport before engaging in
it. Leaders should emphasize preventing accidents through adherence to
safety measures and proper technique.
- Suitable clothing for the activity
and environment should be worn at all times, and equipment should
include gloves and helmets when appropriate.
- Winter sports activities often
place greater demands on a participant's cardiopulmonary system, and
people with underlying medical conditions (especially if the heart or
lungs are involved) should not participate without medical consultation
and direction. For participants without underlying medical conditions,
the annual health history and physical examination by a licensed
health-care practitioner every three years are sufficient. The adult
leader should be familiar with the physical circumstances of each youth
participant and make appropriate adjustments in the activity or
protection as warranted by individual health or physical conditions.
Adults participating in strenuous outdoor winter activity should have
an annual physical examination. It is recommended that the medical
assessment be performed by a licensed health-care practitioner
knowledgeable of the sport and the particular physical demands the
activity will place on the individual.
- For winter sports such as skiing,
snowboarding, snowmobiling, etc. that utilize specialized equipment, it
is essential that all equipment fit and function properly.
- When youth are engaging in
downhill activities such as sledding or tobogganing, minimize the
likelihood of collision with immobile obstacles. Use only designated
areas where rocks, tree stumps, and other potential obstacles have been
identified and marked, cleared away, shielded, or buffered in some way.
- All participants should know,
understand, and respect the rules and procedures for safe winter
activity. The applicable rules should be presented and learned before
the outing, and all participants should review them just before the
activity begins. When Scouts know and understand the reasons for the
rules, they will observe them. When fairly and impartially applied,
rules do not interfere with fun. Rules for safety, plus common sense
and good judgment, keep the fun from being interrupted by tragedy.
Reference:
Health and Safety Guide, No. 34415
The online version of Guide
to Safe
Scouting is currently identical to the printed version of the
publication of the same name (BSA Supply #34416). Changes made to both
versions to update policy information at the printing time of that item
are documented here.
Wording in this section was changed
to reflect the
current version of Caving, BSA item number 19-102B
(the previous version was 19-102A)
The word "passengers" was changed to
"youth" in the
first paragraph.
The following forms are available to
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